1 No. of Famine. --- 1. II. III. I IV. I V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. ---------- -- ---_._----.- .------ I 2 I 3 4 5 6 11 12 Amount Ex- I i LOCALITY AFFECTED. pEmdell. ill- Cost of Remissions FAMINE DEATHS. eluding Gov- Relief per' <strong>and</strong> Suapen- I ernment Re- Head of sions of , ____-,-___ 'I c"o'j:' 'I Year. I -- 'I'nccavec.· ,- liedf'PrPuLlk Popula- R L<strong>and</strong> ',I !percentageIFaminc' District or Area. Ponulation. a.n ivate tion. evenue. N be Province. .. Charity. um r. of Popu- ' I , ! lation. l '---1--- ----- Sq. mil .. .. £ sterling . £ sterling. £ sterling. : : 33 __ I PreSidency.! 7 8 I 9 10! 1770 Bengal I Bengal 130,()( r I 1783 ... 30,000,000 Shil.l~~gs·l £13,770 i £80,332 :-;i\; at all evclltlllO 000 \.JOO I no tmC'e of it. ' , I ••• 1803 1837 " " North-West &1 Punjabt North-Western Province " " 1860 I " " Punjab " " 1866 Behar " ,~ Oris8a " " Madras Ganjam, &c. 1868 ' Bengal N orth-Western Province XI. " I " r XII. i " " , ,XIII. , " I XIV: 1873 " 20,34 No recoro 25,00 , , 8,500,000 18,6' 3!" 9,821,000 8,7 8. 3,179,000 .26,19 7,739,717 7,64 ,I 3,015,826 6,4 0' 1,100,000 29,01 :~ lO,269,2(X' i 4e6,OOO§ No record 74,8+! I 14R,59!) ,. 32,51(·1 32,536 ' I 748,262 23,1·!:1 196,422 Ajmere 2,6. 162,4Oi Punjab ... 42,167 ... , 34,761) ! I Bengal 50,00 25,000,000 ' 6,500,0(1) ! I H Central Provinces ! . .. ••• 340,923 £lOO,(Xlll No record 111. i . 17 488,736. Nil I 800,000 I 10 IV . . 30 132,430 34,021 } I 2,000,000 t: 16 f .20 67,452 .09 V . ., YII. .. ·'20 'i 135,6761 VI.I 4.95 , 814,469 2i nIL' .42 3,200 .38 93,024 62,772 1 7.62 10,898 1'\ 13,998 8,5fl5 i =.;:) :. I 56,441 f 106,500 I • * See footnote, page 50. t No particulars available; these provinces w .. re Ul d~r native governments at the time, =:: This is on the authority of Sir A. Cotton; but it ppears to me, from what I have gathered from official dccuments, § This does not include the native states of Rajputa·la. Th" blank 'J'ell"" Tn,,, "t l'l'lSeIlt unable to fill II'. 8,353 XllJ ~"-.~/ ,- \ I \ . of tlll' mortality.
OF PAST <strong>FAMINES</strong>. 91 remarks also apply to the following column. "Tuccavee," in column 10, is explained in the footnote at page 50. lt is seldom that famines recur in exactly the same districts <strong>and</strong> under similar circumstances. It may be that one province, or part of it, is common to half-a-dozen famines; but it is affected in a greater or less degree each time, <strong>and</strong> it has as often a different district associated with it in its distress. It is there<strong>for</strong>e impossible to contrast the intensities of the various famines with each. other with mathematical precision, but the table will furnish the grounds <strong>for</strong> a general comparison of facts <strong>and</strong> results. I have said that the chief point to be looked to in the results of a {amine is the mortality caused by it j <strong>and</strong> in contrasting a series of famines, we can arrive at a very fair idea of their effects by comparing the percentages of deaths recorded. In doing so, we should, of course, also expect to find a constant ratio of diminution, corresponding to our knowledge of the people <strong>and</strong> to our experience in the management of such disasters-i.e., the later the
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INDIAN FAMINES THEIR lllSTORICAL, F
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vi PREFACE. their opinion, or enabl
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viii PREFAOE. nature, and have been
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CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. TRADITIONAL AN
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CONTENTS. xiii prehending the many
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COKTE.STS. xv of famine: 1. the pru
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2 TRADITIONAL AND Experience, in fa
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TRAlJITIONAL ANlJ by its own Histor
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6 TRADITIONAL ASD changed in any wa
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II TRADITIONAL AND information rega
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10 TIUDITIONAL AND advisers informe
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12 TRADITIONAL AND his kingdom unde
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14 TRADITIONAL AND \ overseer recei
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16 TlUDITIO~VAL AN]) under the rule
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18 TRADITIONAL AND "In 1396, the dr
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10 TIUDITIONAL AND it. His father w
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22 TRADITIONAL A.YD the effect on t
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2-1 TRADITIONAL AND reputation in t
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26 TRADITIONAL AND the fact that ot
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28 TRADITIONAL AND As, in 1873, we
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so TRADITIONAL AND "The consequence
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TRADITIONAL AND But I do not think
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34 TRADITIONAL AND In Northern Indi
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36 TRADITIONAL AND fntermediate fam
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AND PRESS CRITICISJl. 141 consequen
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AND PRESS CRITICISM. U3 guished fro
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AND PRESS ORITIOISM. 145 a period o
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AND PRESS CRITICISM. 147 country; a
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AND PRESS CRITICISM. 149 do in the
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AND PRESS CRITICIS.l/. 151 this is
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AND PRESS ORITICISM. 153 with respe
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AND PRESS (JRITI(JISJI. 155 first b
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AND PRESS ORITIOISM. 157 expenditur
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AND PRESS CRITICISJf. 159 thropic a
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AND PRESS CRITICISM. 161 England's
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AII'D PRESS CRITICISM. 163 main ide
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AXD PRESS CRITICISM. 165 deaths and
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AND PRESS CRITICISM. 167 There is s
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AND PRESS CRITICISM. 169 paid." Thi
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AND PRESS CRITICISJI. 171 any furth
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AND PRESS CRITICISM, li3 wages, and
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AND PRESS CRITICISM. 175 without th
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AND PRESS ORITICISM. 177 to the ass
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EXECUTIVE !lfANAGEMENT. 179 CHAPTER
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EXEOUTIVE MANAGEMENT. 181 physical
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EXECUTIVE MAlvAGEMENT. 183 could be
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EXECUTIVE MANAGEMENT. 185 doubt a c
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EXECUTIVE AlANAGEJIE1'lT. ]87 witho
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EXECUTIVE MANAGEMENT. 189 demand an
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EXECUTIVE MANAGEMENT. 191 find out
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PREVENTIVE ]'(EASURES. 193 CHAPTER
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MITIGATIVE MEASU~. lP5 the natives
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MITIGATIV"E MEASURES. 197 to be sen
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MITIGATIVE MEASURES. 199 the same c
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MITIGATIVE MEASURES. 201 involve th
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MITIG.ATIVE ME.ASURES. 203 relief b
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MITIGATIVE MEASURES. 205 famine tra
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MITIGATIVE JIEASURES. 207 already i
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MITIGATIVE MEASURES. 209 We have on
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JIITIGA TIVE MEASURES. 211 therefor
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}!lTIGA TIVE MEASURES. 213 is quite
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MITIGATIVE MEASURES. 215 canal, par
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MITIGATIVE MEASURES. 217 face; but
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MITIGATIVE MEASURES. 219 one case w
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221 APPENDIX. NOTES. l India is div
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APPENDIX. 223 Allahabad Central Com
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APPENDIX. Loc.u.rn. AUTHORITY. 1803
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APPENDIX. 227 Col. 5, Note 3.-Note
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APPEKDIX. 229 included the Punjab g
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APPElI'DIX. 231 cent WIIS added to
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~34 1 S No. of I-~amine. Year. I. 1
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236 APPENDIX. vation wages of three
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238 APPENDIX. Salisbury's questions
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240 APPENDIX. NOTE REGARDING THE RA
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2 Messrs BlaekwoIontgamery, and Bri
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JrJ e81rrs BlailnDoorl I< Pu blicat