INDIAN FAMINES - Institute for Social and Economic Change

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HISTORICAL FAMINES. 5 time are generally credited with. Again, we have the many dialects spoken, and the material changes in the language itself during 1000 years, to contend with. I have no doubt that records of many more famines than those I shall mention might be found after very careful and minute search; but I think the reader will find that enough have been mentioned to answer the purpose here intended.. In fact, the trouble of tracing them, and the time required to read the accounts, would be out of proportion to the benefit to be gained from a knowledge of them. It is not until we come to the days of our own rule that records of passing events are available; and even of the memorable famine of 1770, which occurred shortly after we undertook the fiscal administration of Bengal, specific details are to a great extent wanting. In the absence of these records, it is impossible to say with any certainty whether modern famines are of greater intensity, or, rather, whether they naturally would be so if not artificially prevented, than those of former days, and vice versa,. We have no reason to suppose that the natural causes of these disasters have
6 TRADITIONAL ASD changed in any way; and we may therefore presume that we have similar effects to COlltend against. India has been, and still is, in a chronic state of famine,· and ever will continue so. The nature of her climate and soil cannot be altered, but the disadvantages attached thereto can fortunately be mitigated; and it may be that in time they will be altogether neutralised by artificial means. In addition to the famines of which I am about to give some account, .there are a few others noticed in official reports; but beyond the simple enumeration, there is no other information given respecting them. A full list of all famines known to be mentioned by any authority will be found in the Appendix. As before remarked, reliable records are only available from the date of our rule in India; and it will be seen, by referring to the list of famines just mentioned, that subsequent to this time these disasters have been very frequent. It will also be noticed that the later the period the oftener they appear to recur. This • See the long list of famines, hereafter referred to, in the Appendix.
Page 1 and 2: INDIAN FAMINES THEIR lllSTORICAL, F
Page 3 and 4: vi PREFACE. their opinion, or enabl
Page 5 and 6: viii PREFAOE. nature, and have been
Page 7 and 8: CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. TRADITIONAL AN
Page 9 and 10: CONTENTS. xiii prehending the many
Page 11 and 12: COKTE.STS. xv of famine: 1. the pru
Page 13 and 14: 2 TRADITIONAL AND Experience, in fa
Page 15: TRAlJITIONAL ANlJ by its own Histor
Page 19 and 20: II TRADITIONAL AND information rega
Page 21 and 22: 10 TIUDITIONAL AND advisers informe
Page 23 and 24: 12 TRADITIONAL AND his kingdom unde
Page 25 and 26: 14 TRADITIONAL AND \ overseer recei
Page 27 and 28: 16 TlUDITIO~VAL AN]) under the rule
Page 29 and 30: 18 TRADITIONAL AND "In 1396, the dr
Page 31 and 32: 10 TIUDITIONAL AND it. His father w
Page 33 and 34: 22 TRADITIONAL A.YD the effect on t
Page 35 and 36: 2-1 TRADITIONAL AND reputation in t
Page 37 and 38: 26 TRADITIONAL AND the fact that ot
Page 39 and 40: 28 TRADITIONAL AND As, in 1873, we
Page 41 and 42: so TRADITIONAL AND "The consequence
Page 43 and 44: TRADITIONAL AND But I do not think
Page 45 and 46: 34 TRADITIONAL AND In Northern Indi
Page 47 and 48: 36 TRADITIONAL AND fntermediate fam
Page 49 and 50: 88 TRADITIONAL AND tention to the p
Page 51 and 52: RECENT FAMINES. CHAPTER II. RECENT
Page 53 and 54: 4S RECENT FAMINES. way. But I shall
Page 55 and 56: RECEXT FAMI..YES. 1832. No doubt th
Page 57 and 58: 46 RECENT FAMINES. were not much me
Page 59 and 60: 48 RECENT FAMINES. Government, were
Page 61 and 62: 110 RECENT FAMINES. practice which,
Page 63 and 64: 52 RECENT FAMINES. and is only of n
Page 65 and 66: RECENT FAMINES. July a beneficent r
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56 REOENT FAMINES. (i. e., high-cas
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RECENT FAMINES. notice. To it princ
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60 RECENT FAMINES. pitable shore. T
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RECENT FAMINES. "large stores of gr
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RECENT FAMTNES. money-should be pro
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66 RECENT FAMINES. clearing obstacl
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68 RECENT FAMINES. ing years was ab
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70 'RECENT FAMINES. effects of fami
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72 RECE.YT FA1lfINES. seed. .A. sec
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RECENT FAMINES. little stock of gra
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'/'6 RECElfT FA.lfnrES. vest. This
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78 RECENT FAMINES. "Excluding the f
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80 RECENT FAMINES. From the wide ex
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82 RECENT FAMINES. less, their move
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84 FINANCIAL AND OTHER RESlILTS bee
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86 FINANCIAL AND OTHER RESULTS back
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88 FINANCIAL AND OTHER RESULTS nor
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OF PAST FAMINES. 91 remarks also ap
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OF PAST F4.MINES. as I am aware tha
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OF PAST FAMINES. 9& case. The yiew
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OF PAST FAM/XES. tion, and of cours
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OF PAST FAMINES. lief. It is eviden
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OF PAST FAMLVES. 101 spent in so ec
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OF PAST FAMINES. lOS gation project
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OF PAST FAMINES. 105 of affairs, bu
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OF PAST FAMINES. ]07 on the navigab
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OF PAST FAMINES. 1011 elude that we
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A FEW GENERAL'Cl!ITlCIS.lfS. III CH
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.A FEW GENERAL ORITIOISMS. lIS man
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A FEW GENERAL CRITICISA/S. 115 pres
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A FEW GENERAL CRITICISMS. 117 perie
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A FEW GENERAL CRlTICIS.lfS. 119 abo
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A FEW GENERAL CRITICISMS. 121 princ
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A FEW GENERAL CRITICISJ{S. 123 and
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A FEW GENERAL CRITICISMS. 125 The n
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'A FEW GENERAL CRITICISMS, 127 it t
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A FEW GEXERAL CRITICISJ/f!. 129 The
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A FEW GENERAL CRITICISMS. 131 only
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A FEW GENERAL CRITICISMS. 133 all t
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.ADMINISTIUTIVE MANAGEMENT. 135 CHA
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AXD PRESS CIIJTIC[SM. 137 frequentl
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.AND PRESS ORITICISM. 139 bajra, an
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AND PRESS CRITICISJl. 141 consequen
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AND PRESS CRITICISM. U3 guished fro
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AND PRESS ORITIOISM. 145 a period o
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AND PRESS CRITICISM. 147 country; a
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AND PRESS CRITICISM. 149 do in the
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AND PRESS CRITICIS.l/. 151 this is
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AND PRESS ORITICISM. 153 with respe
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AND PRESS (JRITI(JISJI. 155 first b
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AND PRESS ORITIOISM. 157 expenditur
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AND PRESS CRITICISJf. 159 thropic a
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AND PRESS CRITICISM. 161 England's
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AII'D PRESS CRITICISM. 163 main ide
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AXD PRESS CRITICISM. 165 deaths and
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AND PRESS CRITICISM. 167 There is s
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AND PRESS CRITICISM. 169 paid." Thi
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AND PRESS CRITICISJI. 171 any furth
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AND PRESS CRITICISM, li3 wages, and
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AND PRESS CRITICISM. 175 without th
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AND PRESS ORITICISM. 177 to the ass
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EXECUTIVE !lfANAGEMENT. 179 CHAPTER
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EXEOUTIVE MANAGEMENT. 181 physical
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EXECUTIVE MAlvAGEMENT. 183 could be
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EXECUTIVE MANAGEMENT. 185 doubt a c
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EXECUTIVE AlANAGEJIE1'lT. ]87 witho
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EXECUTIVE MANAGEMENT. 189 demand an
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EXECUTIVE MANAGEMENT. 191 find out
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PREVENTIVE ]'(EASURES. 193 CHAPTER
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MITIGATIVE MEASU~. lP5 the natives
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MITIGATIV"E MEASURES. 197 to be sen
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MITIGATIVE MEASURES. 199 the same c
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MITIGATIVE MEASURES. 201 involve th
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MITIG.ATIVE ME.ASURES. 203 relief b
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MITIGATIVE MEASURES. 205 famine tra
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MITIGATIVE JIEASURES. 207 already i
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MITIGATIVE MEASURES. 209 We have on
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JIITIGA TIVE MEASURES. 211 therefor
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}!lTIGA TIVE MEASURES. 213 is quite
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MITIGATIVE MEASURES. 215 canal, par
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MITIGATIVE MEASURES. 217 face; but
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MITIGATIVE MEASURES. 219 one case w
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221 APPENDIX. NOTES. l India is div
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APPENDIX. 223 Allahabad Central Com
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APPENDIX. Loc.u.rn. AUTHORITY. 1803
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APPENDIX. 227 Col. 5, Note 3.-Note
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APPEKDIX. 229 included the Punjab g
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APPElI'DIX. 231 cent WIIS added to
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~34 1 S No. of I-~amine. Year. I. 1
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236 APPENDIX. vation wages of three
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238 APPENDIX. Salisbury's questions
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240 APPENDIX. NOTE REGARDING THE RA
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2 Messrs BlaekwoIontgamery, and Bri
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JrJ e81rrs BlailnDoorl I< Pu blicat
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