Checklist of Bolivian Compositae - Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew

36. (33) Corollas with conspicuously constricted basal tube Condylidium
Corollas funnelform or narrow and tubular 37
37. (36) Scandent shrubs; inflorescences with distinct cymose branching Heterocondylus
Herbs or subshrubs; inflorescences corymbose or paniculate and often only with dense
cymose terminal branching 38
38. (37) Anther cylinder included well within corolla tube; florets 5–40 per capitulum; style base with
pubescent node
Ayapana
Anther cylinder visible in corolla throat 39
39. (38) Corolla tube funnelform; corollas pink to violet; florets 25–150 per capitulum; style base with
glabrous or pubescent node
Ayapanopsis
Corolla tube very narrow and tubular; corollas white; florets 150–300 per capitulum; style
base with glabrous node
Polyanthina
Key to the genera of the Heliantheae
1. Capitula unisexual with male and female florets in separate capitula on same plant 2
Capitula all bisexual, all alike, both male and female florets in each capitulum or disc florets
hermaphrodite 3
2. (1) Female capitula with 1 floret, smooth to rugose or verrucose outside, with one apical beak
Ambrosia
2. Female capitula with 2 florets, covered outside with hooked spines with 2 apical beaks
Xanthium
3. (1) Achenes (at least central) with pappus of retrorsely barbed awns 4
Achenes lacking retrorsely barbed awns, pappus segments often antrorsely scabrid or
plumose or absent 7
4. (3) Ray achenes obovate, without awns; disc achenes elongate, mostly beaked and with awns
Heterosperma
Ray and disc achenes mostly alike, all with similar pappus 5
5. (4) Lianas; pappus awns clustered in 2 groups on apical lobes of achenes Ericentrodea
Plants mostly erect or decumbent; pappus awns not clustered 6
6. (5) Anther filaments pubescent; achenes rostate, usually quadrangular and furrowed Cosmos
Anther filaments glabrous; achenes erostrate, not furrowed or irregularly furrowed Bidens
7. (3) Leaf lamina, sometimes phyllaries or even corollas with obvious included glandular dots 8
Leaf lamina and other parts lacking included glandular dots, with glandular dots on surface,
glandular-stipitate or eglandular 11
8. (7) Phyllaries connate into tube, sometimes splitting with age Tagetes
Phyllaries free (rarely connate only at very base), separately attached to receptacle 9
9. (8) Phyllaries biseriate; capitula calyculate; pappus of squamellae markedly divided into
coarsely barbellate flattened setae
Dyssodia
Phyllaries uniseriate; capitula ecalyculate; pappus of hair-like setae or of aristate squamellae
10
10. (9) Capitula radiate; phyllaries articulated at base; leaf bases distinctly ciliate, sessile, bases only
slightly narrowed
Pectis
Capitula discoid; phyllaries not articulate at base; leaves lacking basal cilia, distinctly
petiolate or sessile
Porophyllum
11. (7) Capitula axillary, solitary, sessile; paleae tightly conduplicate about achenes; plants aquatic
or of marshy areas
Enydra
Capitula terminal, or if axillary or solitary distinctly pedicellate; paleae, when present, not
tightly conduplicate about achenes; plants of various habitats, rarely of marshy areas 12
12. (11) Disc florets functionally male, often with undivided style arms; disc achenes undeveloped
13
Disc florets hermaphrodite with functional style arms; disc achenes fertile 18
13. (12) Ray achenes completely enclosed in spiny phyllaries Acanthospermum
Ray achenes not enclosed in spiny phyllaries 14
14. (13) Ray achenes with marginally attached paleae Parthenium
Ray achenes without marginally attached paleae 15