Checklist of Bolivian Compositae - Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew

Xanthium spinosum L. var. synacanthum Widder, Phyton (Horn) 11(1 & 2): 77 (1964) = Xanthium spinosum L.
Xanthium strumarium L., Sp. Pl. : 987 (1753). Type: ‗Habitat in Europa, Canada, Virginia, Jamaica, Zeylona,
Japonia. 0.‘ Lectotype (selected by Rechinger, Fl. Iranica 164: 39, 1989): Herb. Linn. No. 1113.1 (LINN).
*Xanthium orientale L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 2: 1400 (1763). Type: ‗Habitat in China, Japonia, Zeylona.‘ Lectotype
(selected by Jeanmonod in Gamisans & Jeanmonod, Compl. Prodr. Fl. Corse, Asteraceae I: 190, 1998): Herb.
Linn. No. 1113.2 (LINN).‘ Note: because this material is immature Wisskirchen in Jarvis & Turland (1998:
369) selected an epitype: Wisskirchen 230 (BM-000576318); isoepitype: BOCH.
Xanthium canadense Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8, No. 2 (1768). Type: ‗The second sort grows naturally in North
America.‘
Xanthium chinense Mill., Gard. Dict. ed. 8: No. 4 (1768). Type: ‗The fourth sort grows naturally in China, from
whence I have often received the seeds; …‘
[Xanthium monoicum Gilib., Fl. Lituan. Inch. 1: 170 (1782) – opera utique oppressa].
Xanthium americanum Walt., Fl. Carol. : 231 (1788). Type: not cited.
Xanthium cuneatum Moench, Meth. Suppl. 300 (1802), nom. illegit. superfl. pro X. orientale L.
Xanthium cordifolium Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med. 4: 380 (1812). Type: ‗Specimen gathered in Sole‘s Garden.‘
Xanthium macrocarpum DC., Fl. France, Suppl. [5], 6: 356 (1815). Type: ‗Elle a été trouvée dans les vignes du
bas Languedoc, par Mademoiselle Lucie Dunal.‘ Holotype: ?G.
Xanthium homothalamum Spreng., Neue Entdeck. 1: 259 (1819 or before Aug. 1820). Type: ‗Habitat in Brasilia,
unde Mertensius adlatam largitus est.‘ Sprengel noted ‗Licet haut perfecta huius plantae exemplaria
investigare potuerim‘ suggesting that he had poor material available. Holotype: ?
Xanthium maculatum Raf., Amer. Monthly Mag. : 344 (1818); Amer. J. Sci., Ser. 1(1): 151 (1819), nom. nud.
Xanthium italicum Moretti, Diar. Phys. Chem. Hist. Nat. 5: 8 (1822); De quibusdam plantis Italiae, Decas
Quinta : 8 (1822). Types: ‗Habitat in multis Italiae locis: illam inveni prope mare in regione Porto di Fermo,
eamque abuntissimam secus decursum fluminis Padi a viciniis Augustae Taurinorum Ticinum usque
perspexi.‘ Syntypes: ?
Xanthium occidentale Bertol., Lucubr. re Herb. : 38 (1822), nom. illegit. superfl. pro X. orientale L.
Xanthium brasilicum Vell., Fl. Flum. Icones 10: tab. 23 (1831). Type: not cited. [Note: name is valid as it is
accompanied by a diagnostic dissection].
Xanthium macrocarpum DC. [var.] glabratum DC., Prodr. 5: 523 (1836), nom. illegit. incl. X. americanum Walt.
& X. canadense Mill.
Xanthium indicum DC., Prodr. 5: 523 (1836). Types: ‗ in Ægypto (Coqueb.!), in ruderatis Indiae orientalis
frequens, verisim. etiam in Chinâ. ... X. Indicum Wall.! cat. et herb. n. 291. Wight herb. ... (v. s.)‘. Syntypes:
G-DC. Note: Apart from the Coquebert collection, there are two duplicates of the ‗Wallich 291‘ material,
together with one unlabelled speciment, and one without an obvious collector.
Xanthium inaequilaterum DC., Prodr. 5: 523 (1836). Type: ‗ in ruderatis ins. Javae prope Buitenzorg legit cl.
Blume. ... (v.s. comm. à cl. invent.)‘. Holotype: G-DC.
Xanthium strumarium L. var. canadense (Mill.) Torr. & A. Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 2: 294 (1841-43).
Xanthium priscorum Wallr., Beitr. Bot. 1(2): 227 (Aug. 1844). Type: not cited, but the same as in Xanthium
antiquorum Wallr., which was simultaneously published in the same work Note: in Wallroth‘s account this
later appeared as Xanthium antiquorum Wallr. (1844: 229), q.v.
Xanthium abyssinicum Wallr., Beitr. Bot. 1(2): 227/230 (Aug. 1844). Type: ‗Xanthium strumarium Schimp. it.
abyss. II. n. 1343./Auf den Sorgho-Feldern Abyssiniens von Schimper d. 19. Juli. 1838 entdeckt. (Herb. amic.
Lucae.)‘
Xanthium pungens Wallr., Beitr. Bot. 1(2): 227/231 (Aug. 1844). Type: not cited.
Xanthium discolor Wallr., Beitr. Bot. 1(2): 228/232 (Aug. 1844). Type: ‗Xanthium indicum Wallich. herb. indic.
(1824.) n. 3181. A. in herbar. gener. berolin., …‘ Holotype: Bú
Xanthium roxburghii Wallr., Beitr. Bot. 1(2): 228/233 (Aug. 1844). Type: ‗Xanthium strumarium Willd. herb. n.
17469. fol 6. … In Ost-Indien. Roxburgh.‘ Holotype: Bú
Xanthium brevirostre Wallr., Beitr. Bot. 1(2): 228/235 (Aug. 1844). Types?: ‗Xanthium indicum herb. Wight. n.
1446 [In Ostindien. Wight. (Herbar. gener. berol.)], …. var. cordata pl. Wallich. n. 3181.‘ Syntypes: ?Bú.
Isosyntype: Wallich 3181, K-W.
Xanthium pensylvanicum Wallr., Beitr. Bot. 1(2): 228/236 (Aug. 1844). Types: ‗ glandulosum Xanthium
strumarium Beyrich in Herb. amic. Sporleder. … von Beyrich auf unfruchtbaren Plätzen bei Ashville (1833)
häufig‘; ‗ Xanthium occidentale Poepp. fl. pensylv. … von Poeppig auf feuchten Wiesen in Pensylvanien im
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