Checklist of Bolivian Compositae - Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew

Argentina, Bolivia (La Paz), Chile, Peru (apparently introduced), Uruguay, USA. Also known from France,
Portugal, Madeira and Spain (Canary Islands).
Note: Several references incorrectly provide the basionym author‘s abbreviation as ‗Broth.‘ which is for
Brotherus (1849–1929!). There would appear to be an element of confusion as to what should be included
within the synonymy of this taxon (Cabrera, 1949; Ariza Espinar, 1997; etc., etc.). Cabrera (1949: 126) was
clear in his key how the taxa could be distinguished. However, examination of the fruiting material of the
type of S. acaulis would suggest that this actually has caducous hairs, since most of the heads are obviously
pubescent and only the outer achenes appear to have lost their hairs; the achenes do not look conspicuously
2-spined, rather shouldered, suggesting, as some authors have, that this belongs under the synonymy of S.
anthemifolia (Juss.) R. Br. ex Less. This might well be true for Jussieu‘s concept of Gymnostyles nasturtiifolia.
Soliva aphanes, contrary to Cabrera‘s indication of the name being ‗nom. nud.‘ (Cabrera, 1949: 51, p. 54 cited
only the collection!), was provided with clear diagnostic characters.
Traditionally, S. stolonifera would be recognized by a glabrous achene apex with two divergent spines.The
following synonyms have been removed from the traditional synonymy of S. stolonifera since all possess long
hairs on the achene apex, a feature amply illustrated in Jussieu‘s plate:
Gymnostyles nasturtiifolia Juss., Ann. Mus. Nat. Hist. Paris 4: 262, tab. 61, f. 2 (1804). [Type: ‗Ex Bonariâ. Car.
ex siccâ in herb. Commers.‘ Holotype: P.] Note: Jussieu (1804) described the genus Gymnostyles and in it
placed three species. The accompanying plate, Pl. 61, shows G. nasturtiifolia in fig. 2, but clearly showing
achenes with a long-pilose apex. I would argue that the name could be cited as ‗nom. illegit. pro Hippia
minuta L.f. (cited in synonymy)‘ even though in the present checklist it is clear that Hippia minuta is a
synonym of Cotula mexicana (DC.) Cabrera, although the figures in Jussieu (1804) do not agree with the
Mutis material at all.
Soliva nasturtiifolia (Juss.) DC., Prodr. 6: 142 (1838).
Soliva acaulis [sub araulis !] Hook. & Arn., J. Bot. (Hooker) 3: 326 (1841). Type: ‗Buenos Ayres. Tweedie.‘
Holotype: K; isotype: K.
Soliva anthemifolia (Juss.) R.Br. ex Less. var. acaulis (Hook. & Arn.) Baker in Mart., Fl. Bras. 6(3): 296 (1884).
Note: Baker‘s combination was actually published as ‗Soliva anthemidifolia R.Br.‘
Soliva urbica Phil., Linnaea 29: 7 (1857) = Soliva stolonifera (Brot.) Sweet
Sonchus L., Sp. Pl. (1753) & Gen. Pl. (1754).
Lectotype (selected by Britton & Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U. S., ed. 2, 3: 316, 1913): Sonchus oleraceus L.
Key to species
Upper leaves acute with acute auricles; achenes slightly compressed, wingless, usually
rugose; ligules usually a pale yellow
S. oleraceus
Upper leaves with rounded auricles; achenes strongly compressed, winged, usually smooth;
ligules usually a golden yellow
S. asper
Sonchus aemulus Merino, Broteria, sér. Bot. 14: 36 (1916) = Sonchus asper (L.) Vill.
Sonchus agrestis Swartz, Prodr. : 110 (1788) = Erechtites hieraciifolia (L.) Raf. ex DC. var. cacalioides (Fisch.
ex Spreng.) Griseb.
Sonchus angustissimus H. Lindb., Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn. n.s. B 1(2): 169 (1932), nom. illegit., non Hook. f. (1864) =
Sonchus oleraceus L.
*Sonchus asper (L.) Vill., Hist. Pl. Dauphin. 3: 158 (1789).
Sonchus oleraceus L. var. asper L., Sp. Pl. : 794 (1753). Type: not cited. Lectotype (selected by Boulos in Jarvis &
Turland, 1998: 368): Herb. Burser VI: 14 (UPS).
Sonchus spinosus Lam., Fl. Fr. 2: 86 (1778). Type: ‗Cette plante croît dans les lieux incultes & stériles. A‘
Holotype: P-LA
Sonchus carolinianus Walter, Fl. Carol. : 192 (1788). Type: not cited.
Sonchus glaber Thunb., Prodr. Pl. Cap. : 139 (1794). Type: not cited.
Sonchus fallax Wallr., Annus Bot. : 98 (1815). Type: ‗In iisdem cum priori locis, sed minus frequens.‘ [= S.
oleraceus ‗In agris, cultis oleraceis uberrime.‘