Checklist of Bolivian Compositae - Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew

concept of X. spinosum given in this checklist below. If considered as a separate entity it is easy to separate
out; it is not present in Bolivia, but rather an endemic of Argentina (Patagonia).
Note: Names of hybrids have been omitted from the following list, and only one name could not be traced –
X. spinosum L. ‗forma acutifolium D. N. Christiansen 1929: 70‘, a name cited by Widder (1964: 76) as a
synonym of X. spinosum L. var. laciniatum (Scheuerm. & Thell. ex Widder) Widder.
Key to species
Petiole subtended by an axillary 3-fid spine; leaves narrowly rhomboid, discolorous, whitish
beneath; bur beakless or with 1 beak
X. spinosum
Plants spineless; leaves triangular, base cordate, concolorous; bur with 2 beaks
X. strumarium
Xanthium acerosum Greene, Pittonia 4: 63 (1899) = Xanthium strumarium L.
Xanthium acutilobum Millsp. & Sherff, Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 4(1): 6 (1918) = Xanthium
strumarium L.
Xanthium acutum Greene, Pittonia 4: 62 (1899) = Xanthium strumarium L.
Xanthium affine Greene, Pittonia 4: 60 (1899) = Xanthium strumarium L.
Xanthium albinum (Widder) Scholz & Sukopp, Verh. Bot. Vereins Brandenb. 98-100: 47 (1960), nom. nov. =
Xanthium strumarium L.
Xanthium albinum (Widder) H. Scholz ssp. ripicola (Holub) J. Dostal, Folia Mus. Rer. Nat. Bohem. Occid., Bot.,
21: 12 (1984) = Xanthium strumarium L.
Xanthium ambrosioides Hook. & Arn., J. Bot. (Hooker) 3(No. 22): 310 (1841) = Xanthium spinosum L.
Xanthium americanum Walt., Fl. Carol. : 231 (1788) = Xanthium strumarium L.
Xanthium antiquorum Wallr., Beitr. Bot. 1(2): 229 (1844) = Xanthium strumarium L.
Xanthium arcuatum Millsp. & Sherff, Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 4(1): 4 (1918) = Xanthium
strumarium L.
Xanthium arenarium Lasch, Bot. Zeit. 14: 411 (1856) = Xanthium strumarium L.
Xanthium aridum St.John, Northw. Sci. 2(3): 93, fig. 4 (1928) = Xanthium strumarium L.
Xanthium armatum Humb. & Bonpl. ex Wallr., Beitr. Bot. 1(2): 242 (1844) = Xanthium spinosum L.
Xanthium artemisioides (Willd.) Delpino, Studi Lign. Anem. Comp. Artem. : 18 (1871) = Ambrosia
arborescens Mill.
Xanthium australe Millsp. & Sherff, Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser., 4(2): 37 (1919) = Xanthium
strumarium L.
Xanthium barcinonense Sennen, Bull. Géogr. Bot. 24 (Nos. 295-297): 224 (1914) = Xanthium strumarium L.
Xanthium brasilicum Vell., Fl. Flum. Icones 10: tab. 23 (1831) = Xanthium strumarium L.
Xanthium brevirostre Wallr., Beitr. Bot. 1(2): 228/235 (1844) = Xanthium strumarium L.
Xanthium bubalocarpon Bush, Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 17: 123 (1906) = Xanthium strumarium L.
Xanthium californicum Greene, Pittonia 4: 62 (1899) = Xanthium strumarium L.
Xanthium calvum Millsp. & Sherff, Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Bot. Ser., 4: 35 (1919) = Xanthium strumarium
L.
Xanthium campestre Greene, Pittonia 4: 61 (1899) = Xanthium strumarium L.
Xanthium canadense Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8, No. 2 (1768) = Xanthium strumarium L.
Xanthium canescens (Costa) Widder, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 20: 121 (1923) = Xanthium
spinosum L.
Xanthium catharticum Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 4 (ed. folio): 216 (1818) = Xanthium
spinosum L.
Xanthium cavanillesii Schouw, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. 12: 357 (1849) = Xanthium strumarium L.
Xanthium cenchroides Millsp. & Sherff, Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 4(2) : 30 (1918) = Xanthium
strumarium L.
Xanthium chasei Fernald, Rhodora 48: 66 (1946) = Xanthium strumarium L.
Xanthium chinense Mill., Gard. Dict. ed. 8: No. 4 (1768) = Xanthium strumarium L.
Xanthium chinense Mill. var. globuliforme C. Shull, Bot. Gaz. 83: 385 (1927) = Xanthium strumarium L.
Xanthium cloessplateaum D. Z. Ma, Acta Bot. Bor.-Occid. Sin. 11(4): 346 (1991) = Xanthium strumarium L.
Xanthium commune Britton, Man. Fl. North. States Canad.: 912 (1901) = Xanthium strumarium L.
Xanthium cordifolium Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med. 4: 380 (1812) = Xanthium strumarium L.
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