Checklist of Bolivian Compositae - Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew

9. (8) Herbs, densely woolly; capitula usually large, solitary or few, nodding, discoid; phyllaries
usually multiseriate
Culcitium
Herbs, subshrubs, small shrubs or scandent shrublets, glabrous or variously pubescent but
not woolly; capitula relatively small to medium, usually few to many, erect, discoid,
disciform or radiate; phyllaries uniseriate 10
10. (9) Herbs, subshrubs or small shrubs; florets usually many; phyllaries >5; corollas usually shortlobed
Senecio
Suffrutescent herbs, scandent shrublets or trees; florets few (5); phyllaries 5; corolla lobes
long or short 11
11. (10) Capitula discoid; corolla lobes long; style arm apices penicillate; corollas white Paracalia
Capitula radiate; disc corolla lobes short; style arms apices truncate to obtusely convex;
corollas yellow
Dendrophorbium
12. (8) Leaves glabrous or with simple hairs; style branches truncate or obtuse; stigmatic areas
clearly separated; achenes 5- angled or ribbed
Pentacalia
Leaves pubescent, hairs stellate or irregularly branched; style branches acute to acuminate;
stigmatic areas continuous or barely separated; achenes 8–10-ribbed
Nordenstamia
13. (2) Annual herbs; leaves alternate; capitula homogamous, ecalyculate; corollas orange-red to
pink
Emilia
Perennial herbs or woody vines or shrubs; leaves alternate or opposite; capitula
homogamous or heterogamous, calyculate; corollas orange, yellow or white, rarely purple
14
14. (13) Hermaphrodite florets corollas narrowly tubular, throats gradually funnelform
Pseudogynoxys
Hermaphrodite florets corollas campanulate or tubular, throat distinct from tube 15
15. (14) Suffrutescent climbers; leaves alternate or opposite, membranaceous; capitula discoid;
corollas yellow or greenish-yellow phyllaries (12–)16–21; 30–100 (–140) florets per capitulum
Aetheolaena
Plants woody shrubs or trees; leaves opposite, coriaceous; capitula radiate or discoid;
corollas yellow to white; phyllaries 8; ray florets (1–3)4–8, hermaphrodite florets 8–24
Gynoxys
Key to the genera of the Vernonieae
1. Achenes strongly compressed with 2 horn-like apical projections Trichospira
Achenes cylindrical with a pappus of awns, capillary hairs or a cartilaginous coronona 2
2. (1) Inflorescence glomerulose with congested capitula, synflorescence on an elongated scape 3
Inflorescence cymose with separate (although sometimes congested) capitula, not scapose, or
sessile and axillary 4
3. (2) Florets 3(2–5) per capitulum; leaves tomentose or glabrate; corollas tube about twice as long
as corolla lobes
Chresta
Florets (4–) 6–12 per capitulum; leaves glabrate, membranous; corolla tube between 2–4.5
times as long as corolla lobes
Pycnocephalum
4. (2) Corolla with prominent stipitate-glands; capitula terminal on branches; involucre
surrounded by foliaceous bracts
Centratherum
Corollas lacking stipitate-glands; capitula usually few to many in axillary or terminal
inflorescences, if scapose then pedicel ebracteate; involucre not surrounded by foliaceous
bracts 5
5. (4) At least inner phyllaries deciduous 6
All phyllaries persistent 7
6. (5) Usually all phyllaries deciduous (at least in herbarium material); capitula usually in dense
axillary or terminal clusters; leaves sometimes opposite; shrubs (sometimes scandent) or
trees; pubescence often stellate or lepidote; corolla lobes sometimes strongly coiled
Piptocarpha
Only inner phyllaries usually deciduous; capitula in terminal inflorescences; leaves alternate
or opposite
Critoniopsis