Introduction to Basic Manufacturing Processes and ... - always yours

Introduction 11
towards economic and qualitatively acceptable production of desired articles in minimum
possible time. As per the need of the customer, the products are identified and their demands
are determined roughly for market forecast by considering present and future competition.
Products that may render the desired service over its expected life satisfactorily as per
requirement of customers are identified in terms of their demand, conceived and developed
for securing orders by the sales department. Once the product design activity is over and the
design finalized from all angles, functional, aesthetic, material selection, safety, economy, etc.,
it is followed by preparation of production drawings of the product assembly and its components
including a bill of materials. This is the stage where a make or buy decision has to be taken
in order to decide as to which components are to be bought from outside and which are to
be manufactured within the concern. It is followed by process planning i.e. selection of the
best process and an its parameters, design of jigs, fixtures and dies, selection of tooling,
programming of tool path as per need, for the components to be produced in-house. An
important activity in process planning within the organization is also to involve latest research
and development findings, through which the old processes are improved and new one’s are
developed in order to ensure better quality and economic production. The interaction of
different manufacturing activities in a manufacturing system can also be further enhanced by
the use of computer and hence leading CIM. The real manufacturing or production activity
is carried out on the shop. The layout of the shop floor has a significant influence on the tools
required to be coordinated in order to an economical and high quality production of various
components. It should be such that it ensures timely movement of raw materials, dies
moulds, jigs and fixtures and finished components, adequate safety to men, material and
machinery, enables timely inspection and quality control and minimizes handling time for
material and parts, etc. During actual manufacturing a lot of different activities are called
management function. Various engineers play an important role in the organizational function
of a manufacturing concern. They are required to ensure proper movement of the material,
tools and parts as per their specialized jobs in industry.
1.14 PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
A product development has to go through the following concepts of product engineering which
are given as under.
Product functions
1. Product specifications
2. Conceptual design
3. Ergonomics and aesthetics
4. Standards
5. Detailed design
6. Prototype development
7. Testing
8. Simulation
9. Design for manufacture
10. Design for assembly
11. Drafting.
Now let us consider the manufacturing environment of a given product. How does the
product idea originate. Market forces determine the need for a product. Expertise on the part