Introduction to Basic Manufacturing Processes and ... - always yours

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Lathe Machine 409 1. Bed 2. Head stock 3. Tailstock 4. Carriage 5. Feed mechanism 6. Thread cutting mechanism Mandrel gear Head stock Spindle Tool post Compound rest Dead centre Spindle lock Tail stock Tail stock lock Feed reverse Hand cross feed Rack Lead screw Guard Feed engage lever Storage for gears chucks tools etc. Live centre Hand traverse Oil sump Feed shaft Screw cutting engage lever Reverse for sliding and surfacing Fig. 21.3 Different parts of engine lathe or central lathe 21.3.1 Bed The bed of a lathe machine is the base on which all other parts of lathe are mounted. It is massive and rigid single piece casting made to support other active parts of lathe. On left end of the bed, headstock of lathe machine is located while on right side tailstock is located. The carriage of the machine rests over the bed and slides on it. On the top of the bed there are two sets of guideways-innerways and outerways. The innerways provide sliding surfaces for the tailstock and the outerways for the carriage. The guideways of the lathe bed may be flat and inverted V shape. Generally cast iron alloyed with nickel and chromium material is used for manufacturing of the lathe bed. 21.3.2 Head Stock The main function of headstock is to transmit power to the different parts of a lathe. It comprises of the headstock casting to accommodate all the parts within it including gear train arrangement. The main spindle is adjusted in it, which possesses live centre to which the work can be attached. It supports the work and revolves with the work, fitted into the main spindle of the headstock. The cone pulley is also attached with this arrangement, which is used to get various spindle speed through electric motor. The back gear arrangement is used
410 Introduction to Basic Manufacturing Processes and Workshop Technology for obtaining a wide range of slower speeds. Some gears called change wheels are used to produce different velocity ratio required for thread cutting. 21.3.3 Tail Stock Fig. 21.4 shows the tail stock of central lathe, which is commonly used for the objective of primarily giving an outer bearing and support the circular job being turned on centers. Tail stock can be easily set or adjusted for alignment or non-alignment with respect to the spindle centre and carries a centre called dead centre for supporting one end of the work. Both live and dead centers have 60° conical points to fit centre holes in the circular job, the other end tapering to allow for good fitting into the spindles. The dead centre can be mounted in ball bearing so that it rotates with the job avoiding friction of the job with dead centre as it important to hold heavy jobs. Barrel Barrel lock Screw Centre Base Body Handwheel Lateral adjustment screw Fig. 21.4 Tail stock of central lathe. 21.3.4 Carriage Carriage is mounted on the outer guide ways of lathe bed and it can move in a direction parallel to the spindle axis. It comprises of important parts such as apron, cross-slide, saddle, compound rest, and tool post. The lower part of the carriage is termed the apron in which there are gears to constitute apron mechanism for adjusting the direction of the feed using clutch mechanism and the split half nut for automatic feed. The cross-slide is basically mounted on the carriage, which generally travels at right angles to the spindle axis. On the cross-slide, a saddle is mounted in which the compound rest is adjusted which can rotate and fix to any desired angle. The compound rest slide is actuated by a screw, which rotates in a nut fixed to the saddle. The tool post is an important part of carriage, which fits in a tee-slot in the compound rest and holds the tool holder in place by the tool post screw. Fig. 21.5 shows the tool post of centre lathe. Turret lock Four way tool post 21.3.5 Feed Mechanism Feed mechanism is the combination of different units through which motion of headstock spindle is transmitted to the carriage of lathe machine. Following units play role in feed mechanism of a lathe machine- Fig. 21.5 Tool post of centre lathe
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PREFACE Manufacturing and workshop
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1 CHAPTER INTRODUCTION 1.1 INTRODUC
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Introduction 3 material into finish
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1.7.3 Metal Forming Processes Intro
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Introduction 7 security procedures
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Introduction 9 FMS and Computer Int
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Introduction 11 towards economic an
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Introduction 13 capabilities of the
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Introduction 15 particular applicat
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2 CHAPTER PLANT AND SHOP LAYOUT 2.1
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Plant and Shop Layout 19 5. Working
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Plant and Shop Layout 21 according
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Plant and Shop Layout 23 5. Better
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Plant and Shop Layout 25 7. Machine
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28 Introduction to Basic Manufactur
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Non-Ferrous Materials 77 impurities
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Non-Ferrous Materials 79 It is made
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Applications Non-Ferrous Materials
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Non-Ferrous Materials 83 5.3.1.8 Gi
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Non-Ferrous Materials 85 springs, h
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5.4.2 Nickel Alloys Non-Ferrous Mat
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5.5 LEAD Non-Ferrous Materials 89 L
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Applications Non-Ferrous Materials
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Non-Ferrous Materials 93 (iv) (v) C
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Non-Ferrous Materials 95 produced i
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Non-Ferrous Materials 97 polymers,
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Non-Ferrous Materials 99 vessel mat
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Binocular Body Non-Ferrous Material
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Melting Furnaces 103 2. Steel (a) E
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Melting Furnaces 105 Blower Stove B
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1. Well Melting Furnaces 107 The sp
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Melting Furnaces 109 operations. In
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Melting Furnaces 111 The chemical c
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Melting Furnaces 113 Firing Door Fi
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Melting Furnaces 115 20 What is ref
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4. Specific Gravity Porperties and
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Porperties and Testing of Metals 11
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12. Creep Porperties and Testing of
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7.5 QUESTIONS Porperties and Testin
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Heat Treatment 131 (b) Movable type
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Heat Treatment 133 steels, in iron
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8.6.1.2 Ferrite Heat Treatment 135
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Heat Treatment 137 1. Normalizing 2
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Annealing is of two types (a) (b) P
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Heat Treatment 141 Sudden cooling o
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Heat Treatment 143 of temperature a
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Advantages of Aus-Tempering Heat Tr
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Heat Treatment 147 carbon steel is
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Heat Treatment 149 In the induction
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Heat Treatment 151 6. Write short n
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Carpentry 153 heartwood, sapwood, p
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Carpentry 155 The proper time of cu
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Carpentry 157 9.5 DEFECTS IN TIMBER
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9.8 FACTORS INFLUENCING TIMBER SELE
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Albumen glue Carpentry 161 It is pr
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Carpentry 163 The steel blade and m
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Carpentry 165 Jaw Clamp Trigger for
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Crosscut Saw Carpentry 167 Cross cu
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Jointer Plane Carpentry 169 When a
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Carpentry 171 pattern making and wh
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Forstner bits These are used for bo
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Pincer Carpentry 175 Pincers are co
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Carpentry 177 2. Circular Saw A cir
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10 CHAPTER PATTERN AND CORE MAKING
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Pattern and Core Making 181 quality
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Pattern and Core Making 183 Disadva
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3. Cope and drag pattern Pattern an
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Pattern and Core Making 187 11. Seg
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Pattern and Core Making 189 density
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Pattern and Core Making 191 Core bo
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5. Back saw 6. Panel saw 7. Miter s
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Pattern and Core Making 195 16. Pro
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11 CHAPTER FOUNDRY TOOLS AND EQUIPM
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Strike off bar Foundry Tools and Eq
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Foundry Tools and Equipments 201 Fi
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Foundry Tools and Equipments 203 re
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11.4.2 Classification of Moulding M
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Foundry Tools and Equipments 207 5.
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12.3 CONSTITUENTS OF MOLDING SAND M
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Mold and Core Making 211 some speci
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12.4.7 Parting sand Mold and Core M
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Mold and Core Making 215 increased
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12.6. 5 Strength Test Mold and Core
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Mold and Core Making 219 Balanced t
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Mold and Core Making 221 mixture we
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Mold and Core Making 223 Molding sa
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5. Runner Mold and Core Making 225
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12.12 ROLE OF RISER IN SAND CASTING
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12.15 CORE SAND Mold and Core Makin
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12.16.2.2 Core ramming machines Mol
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12.20.1 Bench Molding Mold and Core
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Mold and Core Making 235 This hard
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Mold and Core Making 237 Stirrer Pl
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Mold and Core Making 239 11. What i
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13 CHAPTER CASTING 13.1 INTRODUNCTI
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Casting 243 gravity only and no ext
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Casting 245 (iv) (v) Opening the di
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Casting 247 Applications 1. Carbure
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Casting 249 containing a mixture of
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Semi-Centrifugal Casting Casting 25
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Casting 253 Table 13.1: Probable Ca
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16. Swells 1. Too soft ramming of m
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13.12 QUESTIONS Casting 257 1. Desc
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51. Explain the causes and remedies
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Advantages of forging Some common a
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Forging 263 on it. Forgeable metals
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14.4.6 Open fire and stock fire fur
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Forging 267 10. The place of the me
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Forging 269 pickling in acid, shot
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Hand hammers Forging 271 There are
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Shovel Forging 273 Shovel generally
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Forging 275 opposite to drawing and
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Forging 277 Spring hammers may be m
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14.12 REMOVAL OF DEFECTS IN FORGING
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Forging 281 7. Pneumatic riveting m
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Hot Working of Metals 283 between a
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Hot Working of Metals 285 4. Porosi
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Hot Working of Metals 287 type of t
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Hot Working of Metals 289 Hot pirci
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Hot Working of Metals 291 the punch
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16 CHAPTER COLD WORKING 16.1 INTROD
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16.5 ADVANTAGES OF COLD WORKING Col
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Cold Working 297 Cold working proce
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Cold Working 299 steels are used in
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Cold Working 301 seaming and spinni
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Cold Working 303 Each section must
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Cold Working 305 12. What is impact
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Welding 307 Toe Fusion zone Weld fa
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Welding 309 2. Horizontal position
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Welding 311 5. Gas Metal Arc Weldin
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Welding 313 2. Carburizing welding
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Welding 315 could occur if the cyli
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Welding 317 8. For repairs, calibra
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Welding 319 mains electricity suppl
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Welding 321 6. Chipping hammer Chip
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Welding 323 2. Shielded metal arc w
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Electric power source Welding 325 B
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Welding 327 13. Welders and workers
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Welding 329 Where H = heat generate
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17.7.1.2 Resistance Seam Welding We
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Welding 333 5. Surface of the jobs
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17.8.3 Explosive Welding Welding 33
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Welding 337 be scattered. This scat
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Welding 339 Porosity Fig. 17.31(iii
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Welding 341 (b) (c) Bad welding tec
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Welding 343 exceeding 450°C and be
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Welding 345 7. What effect does wel
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Welding 347 (i) Spot welding (ii) S
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1. Black Iron Sheet Sheet Metal Wor
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Sheet Metal Work 351 (g) Bossing ma
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Sheet Metal Work 353 10. Blow horn
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Sheet Metal Work 355 4. Trammel. Fi
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Sheet Metal Work 357 18.4 FOLDING T
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Page 368 and 369: Fitting 365 scriber, semi-circular
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Page 396 and 397: 19.2.7.1 Pliers Fitting 393 Pliers
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Page 424 and 425: Lathe Machine 421 22.12 QUESTIONS 1
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Page 436 and 437: 22.7 CUTTING SPEED Drilling Machine
Page 438 and 439: Shaper, Planer and Slotter 435 take
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Page 460 and 461: Milling 457 A B Straddle milling (m
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25.2.1 Production of Metal Powders
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Particle shape Powder Metallurgy 46
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Powder Metallurgy 463 3. The dimens
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25.6 QUESTIONS Powder Metallurgy 46
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Inspection and Quality Control 467
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26.3.7 Fundamental Deviation Inspec
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INDEX A A feeler gauge 381 Abrasive
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Index 477 Cartridge brass 81 Case h
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Index 479 Core sand preparation 230
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Index 481 First aid 30, 39, 41, 49,
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Index 483 High speed steels 62, 66,
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Index 485 Mechanical properties 116
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Index 487 Pattern construction 195
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Index 489 Role of riser 227 Roll fo
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Index 491 Surface cleaning process
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Index 493 W Water seasoning 156 Wax
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