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Industrial Safety 45
acceding three days during employment and accident must have arisen out of and during
employment. Factory act 1948 defines various terms of factories like manufacturing process,
machinery, worker, power, prime mover etc. It lays down rules for fencing of machinery for
safeguard nearby work and machinery in motion. Now a days, Indian factory act of 1949 is
in force which presently also provides for a large number of regulations regarding safety for
health of workers which include cleanliness, ventilation and temperature controls, humidity,
protection against inhalation of dust and fumes, drinking water, overcrowding and proper
locations for spittoons etc.
This act also specify some important regulations with regard to the age of employees for
specific nature of jobs and also their respective permissible working hours in a day, week and
month in order to avoid excessive fatigue and ensure more safety. It also covers some
additional regulations regarding welfare of workers, their overtime duties, wages, first-aid
provisions and conditions of employment of young persons and women. All such provisions
collectively contribute to safe working conditions in the factories.
Beside above, various safety organizations in different parts of the world carry on regular
studies and research in causes of accidents and the methods of their prevention. These
organizations regularly issue their periodical bulletins in respect of their achievements regarding
safety. These bulletins can be referred frequently for keeping in touch with the latest techniques
and measures of safety. Few well known such organizations are Safety First Association of
India, National Safety Council of U.S.A, International Labor Office, Geneva, Factory
Department, Ministry of Labor, H.M.S.O., (U.K.), National Safety Council, Bombay, Industrial
Health Organization, Kanpur, All India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health, Calcutta.
Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi., Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi,
World Health Organization, The Royal Society for tile prevention of Accidents (ROSPA) London.,
British Standards, Institution, London., Occupational Safety and Health Administration,
Washington D.C, U.S.A., Bureau of Labor Standards, U.S.A, American Society of Safety
Engineers, Commonwealth Department of Labor and National Service, Australia. Canadian
Industrial Safety Association (CISA), Ontario, Canada, World Safety Organization (WSO), Manila,
International Occupational Safety and Health Information Center, Switzerland.
The main objectives of factory act are to provide protection to the workers employed in
factories against industrial hazards and to ensure safe and better working conditions. The
general provisions in the factory act with regard to the fencing of machinery and other safety
measures are summarized below:
Every moving part of a prime mover, fly-wheels connected to prime movers, head and
tail races of all water-wheels and turbines, any portion of bar stock that projects beyond the
head stock of lathe of in each factory shall be fenced securely by safety guards of robust
construction and these guards will always be kept in position while the part or machinery is
in operation or motion:
(i) All parts of an electric motor, generator and converter, all parts of transmission
machinery, all dangerous parts of any other machinery should be securely fenced
by means of safety guards unless they are located in such positions and/or their
construction ensures adequate safety for every person employed in the factory.
(ii) In case it becomes necessary to examine any part or parts of machinery while being
in motion only a specially trained adult worker should be deputed for the work.
(iii) Precautions against dangerous fumes.