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30 Introduction to Basic Manufacturing Processes and Workshop Technology
3. It is needed to prevent accidents in industry by reducing any hazard to minimum.
4. It is needed to reduce workman’s compensation, insurance rate and all the cost of
accidents.
5. It is required to educate all members regarding the safety principles to avoid accidents
in industry.
6. It is needed to achieve better morale of the industrial employees.
7. It is required to have better human relations within the industry.
8. It is needed to increase production means to a higher standard of living.
3.4 ACCIDENTS AND THEIR TYPES
The accidents are the mishaps leading injury to man, machines or tools and equipment and
may cause injury and result either death or temporary disablement or permanent disablement
of the industrial employees. A survey was conducted in 1952 in America which specified that
approximately ten thousands industrial persons were killed in accidents and more than lakhs
were injured in a year. The accidents are unwanted events or mishaps that result in some
sort of injury to men, material, machines, tools, equipment and semi or finished product
hence, a loss to the whole establishment. The total cost of these accidents was more than
crores of dollars. An industrial accident may be defined as an event, detrimental to the health
of man, suddenly occurring and originating from external sources, and which is associated
with the performance of a paid job, accompanied by an injury, followed by disability or even
death. An accident may happen to any employee under certain circumstances. The said injury
or loss may be minor or major in nature and accordingly the accident is termed as nonreportable
or reportable kind. It should, however, be understood that no hard and line of
demarcation can be laid between these two aspects and their identification varies with the
place of application. For example a small burn or cut oft body will be reportable accident in
a workshop whereas the same, can be treated by first aid and does not involve any appreciable
loss of time, not be considered a reportable accident. Few industries determine the accidents
by the extent to which it leads to the disablement of the victim and number of hours or days
he is to remain absent from duty on account of the problem. There are others which take
into consideration various factors like machine, tools, materials, cost of medicines, loss of
production and compensation to be given to the worker who meets with the accident. An
accident can be very costly to the injured employee as well as to the employer of the
manufacturing concern. Some direct or indirect costs are associated with accidents in
industries. The direct costs involve payment of compensation and overheads uncompensated
wage losses of the injured employees, cost of medical care and hospitalization. Whereas
indirect costs of an accident comprise of costs of damage of machines, materials and plant
equipments, costs of wages paid for time lost by workers not injured, costs of wages paid to
the victim, costs of investigating agency involving recording and reporting of accidents and
its causes, costs of deputing new employee for replacement of the injured employee, cost of
decreased production by the substituting victim, cost of delays in production due to accident,
cost of reduced efficiency of the victim when he joins the manufacturing concern after getting
recovered and cost of lowered production due to reduced morale of employees. An accident
is an unexpected event which is likely to cause, an injury. Proper diagnosis of causes of mishappening
and corrective measures of the same always helps in preventing future accidents.
Accidents in industries put a heavy burden on society also. All direct and indirect cost to the
management will ultimately have to be met by the consumers in terms of increased cost of