Introduction to Basic Manufacturing Processes and ... - always yours

48 Introduction to Basic Manufacturing Processes and Workshop Technology
6. Always select the least flammable liquid that will serve the purpose.
7. One should provide ventilation to prevent any accumulation of vapors.
8. Always provide suitable and adequate means of fire extinguishment.
9. Every operator should be familiar with the location of fire extinguishers and their
use (operation).
10. Proper clearance should always be there in between the heating device and any
combustible material.
11. Electrical wiring should be proper.
12. Always prohibit smoking, open flames and sparks near the flammable materials.
13. A free passageways and easily open-able windows should be always provided.
14. Provide always suitable means for the safe storage and handling of all fuel used.
15. Use of flammable liquids should be minimized
16. Safe disposal for the flammable liquid wastes must be provided.
17. No one is permitted to accumulate fuels or other combustibles near the source of
open fire or spark.
3.13 TYPES OF FIRE
There are three major types of fires which are given as under.
Type 1 Fires occurring due burning of ordinary combustible materials such as wood, cloth
and paper. Pouring water is the most effective way for extinguishing this kind of
fire.
Type 2 Fires occurring due burning of flammable liquids such as oils, petrol, grease and fat.
For extinguishing, blanket or smother this kind of fire, thus excluding oxygen,
water must never be used.
Type 3 Fires in this category involve live electrical equipment. The extinguishing agent
must be non-conducting of electricity and water must not be used for extinguishing
this kind of fire.
There are five basic kinds of fire extinguishers commonly used which are discussed as
under.
1. Dry Powder Extinguishers
These extinguishers filled with dry powder may be of the gas pressure or stored air pressure
type. They are suitable for use on both Type 2 and Type 3 fires.
2. Foam Extinguishers
These are of two main types commonly called mechanical foam and chemical foam type of fire
extinguishers. They are effective against Type 2 fires.
3. Carbon Dioxide Type Fire Extinguishers
These are filled with the carbon dioxide. It is operated by means of a plunger, lever trigger
or by opening a valve. It is fitted with a distinctively shaped discharge horn. This type of fire
extinguisher has only limited effectiveness against Type 1 kind of fires. It is suitable for
extinguishing type 2 and 3 kinds of fires.