manual on management of drugs
manual on management of drugs
manual on management of drugs
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Substituti<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> “Out <strong>of</strong> Stock” <strong>drugs</strong> with available alternatives increases its<br />
c<strong>on</strong>sumpti<strong>on</strong> bey<strong>on</strong>d estimated requirement, leading to sec<strong>on</strong>dary “Out <strong>of</strong><br />
Stock” situati<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> the substitute.<br />
2. Some <strong>of</strong> the reas<strong>on</strong>s for a drug to be in excess <strong>of</strong> quantities required are:<br />
The actual c<strong>on</strong>sumpti<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> the drug is substantially less than the estimated<br />
requirement due to changes in morbidity pattern,<br />
i. Change in the pattern <strong>of</strong> prescribing,<br />
ii. Changes between forecasted annual nati<strong>on</strong>al demand and the actual<br />
nati<strong>on</strong>al usage / demand due to l<strong>on</strong>g time durati<strong>on</strong>. .<br />
iii. Calculati<strong>on</strong> errors in estimati<strong>on</strong> at instituti<strong>on</strong>al/regi<strong>on</strong>al/provincial<br />
/nati<strong>on</strong>al level.<br />
iv. Under c<strong>on</strong>sumpti<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> items with short expiry due to n<strong>on</strong>acceptance<br />
by the instituti<strong>on</strong>s.<br />
v. Sharp drop in demand <strong>of</strong> an item when a new alternative drug is<br />
introduced.<br />
While carrying <strong>of</strong> excess stock <strong>of</strong> any drug is unec<strong>on</strong>omical “out <strong>of</strong> stock<br />
situati<strong>on</strong> ” would cause difficulties to patients. The <strong>on</strong>ly way to minimize<br />
both is through careful m<strong>on</strong>itoring <strong>of</strong> the following periodically.<br />
a) Quantity Available: M<strong>on</strong>itoring index is the stock durati<strong>on</strong><br />
within the shelf life <strong>of</strong> the product based <strong>on</strong> current (SD c ) and<br />
estimated (SD e ) m<strong>on</strong>thly requirement and stock level m<strong>on</strong>itoring<br />
(MSL,ROL,SSL,etc)<br />
b) Quantity C<strong>on</strong>sumed: M<strong>on</strong>itoring indexes are average m<strong>on</strong>thly<br />
c<strong>on</strong>sumpti<strong>on</strong> (AM c ) worked out as per Chapter 4.3 and durati<strong>on</strong><br />
<strong>of</strong> the total stock transferred out (SD t )<br />
c) Quantity Indented: M<strong>on</strong>itoring indexes are balance due <strong>on</strong> order<br />
and its stock durati<strong>on</strong> based <strong>on</strong> estimated requirement (SD o )<br />
d) Quantity Received : M<strong>on</strong>itoring index is total expected<br />
availability durati<strong>on</strong> (TEAD)<br />
e) Primary Quality Requirements: M<strong>on</strong>itoring indexes are age<br />
analysis <strong>of</strong> the stock annual percentage obsolescence and<br />
screening the batches for basic physical Q.A tests before<br />
accepting stocks.<br />
f) Supplier Performance: M<strong>on</strong>itoring index is supply defaulting<br />
index for compliance to quality standards and delivery schedules.<br />
3. Tools which can be used for m<strong>on</strong>itoring <strong>of</strong> c<strong>on</strong>sumpti<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>drugs</strong>.<br />
i ABC analysis ( See annexure XIV )<br />
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