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A fuller description of the Sector Occupational relationship, and of occupational frameworks for the study is given in Annex A, and study of this is recommended if the reader is not clear about this fundamental distinction from the above introduction. Data Sources: The two main data sources used for this study are: • The most recent national studies covering IT Practitioner skills in the four countries examined in more detail (these are listed in Section 4 and Annex F), and • Holdings of EU Member State Labour Force Survey statistics held at the European Statistical Office (“Eurostat”) in Luxembourg. These datasets are submitted to Eurostat either quarterly or annually, and trends in the data are examined by reference to datasets submitted since 1995. The “inventory” of the quarters for which this data was provided to Eurostat is shown in Annex A. Official classifications for sectoral and occupational data Official statistics within EU Member States use different classification frameworks for data on sectors and occupations, but these are mapped on to two accepted frameworks for data held at the European level: these are: • NACE (Nomenclature generale des Activites economiques dans la Communaute Europeenne) for specification of sectoral scope and coverage (this is essentially identical with the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) e.g. 30.02 and 72, and • ISCO (the International Occupational Classification System) for specifying occupational scope and coverage. The two codes relevant to IT Practitioners are ISCO 213 (“Computing Professionals”) and ISCO 312* (“Computer Associate Professionals”). The basic structure of these classification systems is shown in Annex A. Specifically, the essence of the defined occupations of the two key ISCO categories is that: Computing Professionals (ISCO 213) “conduct research, plan, develop and improve computer based information systems, software and related concepts, develop principles and operational methods as well as to maintain .. systems .. ensuring integrity and security of data”. Computer Associate Professionals (ISCO 312) “provide assistance to users …., control and operate computers and peripheral equipment and carry out limited programming tasks connected with the installation and maintenance of computer hardware and software”. * For reasons explained in Annex A (Footnote A-4), IT Practitioner occupations in the United Kingdom and Ireland are coded (allocated) to ISCO 213 – there is therefore no data for ISCO 312 from either Member State. 36 | C E P I S I.T. PRACTITIONER SKILLS IN EUROPE | Section 4
4.2 Recent development of the IT Practitioner workforce in Member States All EU Member States have considerable IT activity, and most governments see ICT as an area of strategic growth. Figures 2 and 3 show the development of this activity over recent years as measured by growth of employment of Computing Professionals (ISCO 213) and Computer Associate Professionals (ISCO 312) as reported by Member State statistical offices to Eurostat. As is explained in Annex A, these figures do not include all workers that are sometimes viewed as being IT Practitioners. In particular, they do not include: • IT Managers • Computer Operators • Computer Engineers • Computer Sales Staff • Teachers/Lecturers in IT working within education • Some IT staff within the defence industry Nor, as already indicated, do they include: • Telecomms practitioners • Electronics Engineers They are, thus, predominantly software engineers and technicians, systems analysts and software development specialists. These occupations represent the “core” of IT technical staff, and as such their populations represent more meaningfully than the large “headline” totals sometimes used, the community that needs to be the focus of technical skill requirements analyses. C E P I S I.T. PRACTITIONER SKILLS IN EUROPE | Section 4 | 37
Page 1 and 2: Information Technology Practitioner
Page 5 and 6: Preface In spite of an extended per
Page 7: Acknowledgements The author has bee
Page 10 and 11: Executive Summary The current state
Page 13: Table of Contents 1. Introduction .
Page 17 and 18: 1. Introduction This Study was init
Page 19: In its quantitative work, this stud
Page 22 and 23: 2. Economic Context 2.1 Scale and I
Page 24 and 25: 2.2 Market Performance Labour marke
Page 26 and 27: 2.4 Employers’ and Individuals’
Page 28 and 29: 26 | C E P I S I.T. PRACTITIONER SK
Page 30 and 31: 3. Policy Context 3.1 Academic and
Page 32 and 33: Probably the greatest challenge in
Page 37: The ISCO classification used for Eu
Page 41 and 42: 600,000 500,000 400,000 300,000 200
Page 43 and 44: 4.3 IT Practitioners in Germany The
Page 45 and 46: The “Monitoring Informationswirts
Page 47 and 48: 4.4 IT Practitioners in Ireland The
Page 49 and 50: As part of its work, the Expert Gro
Page 51 and 52: Table 3: Sub-sectoral structure of
Page 53 and 54: From the data gathered for this stu
Page 55 and 56: applicants to such courses (as meas
Page 57 and 58: • Around one in ten establishment
Page 59 and 60: 4.7 Some comparisons between the fo
Page 61 and 62: Employment Status: Probably the mos
Page 63 and 64: Highest Academic Achievement of Com
Page 65 and 66: ISCED Levels 0-2: General Education
Page 67 and 68: 4.8 IT Practitioners in other Membe
Page 69 and 70: 1.8 1.6 1.2 1 0.6 0.2 Figure 18 Num
Page 71 and 72: Recent policy responses to skill sh
Page 75 and 76: The IDC approach is based on estima
Page 77 and 78: 5.3 Improving Validity of Estimates
Page 79 and 80: Q1 Q2 2000 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 2001 Q3 Q4 Q
Page 81 and 82: Figure 20 Development Scenarios for
Page 85 and 86: 6.2 The Need for, and Value of, Mor
Page 87 and 88: 6.4 Proposed Full Study for all EU
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Information Technology Practitioner
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(ii) Education and Training terms i
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Annex A Definitions, Datastructures
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- “Skills Framework for the Infor
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Occupational Frameworks for this St
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NACE Nomenclature generale des Acti
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Section J: Financial intermediation
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ISCO International Standard Occupat
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Limitations: Eurostat Holdings of M
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The occupational classification app
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SOC-90 Categories ISCO-88 Codes 123
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Annex B Analyses of Eurostat Data:
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120,000 Figure B-2 Age Profiles of
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Numbers employed with ISCED Educati
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Q1 1995 Q3 Q1 1996 Q3 Q1 1997 Q3 Q1
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Annex C Analyses of Eurostat Data:
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Employer Size Distribution of Compu
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Table C-1 Development Scenarios for
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Annex D Analyses of Eurostat Data:
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Numbers in employment in each Categ
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Status of Computing Professionals i
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Table D-1 Development Scenarios for
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Annex E Analyses of Eurostat Data:
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350,000 Figure E-3 Computing Profes
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25,000 Figure E-7 Status of Computi
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Table E-1 Development Scenarios for
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Annex F References and Brief Abstra
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IDC (2000): IDC Study on the ICT sk
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IDC (Milroy, A. and Rajah, P.) 2000
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2. National Level Work: a. Germany
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ITNTO 1999 “Bugbuster” Final Re
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Council of European Professional In
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