SOFT 2004 Meeting Abstracts - Society of Forensic Toxicologists

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Scientific Session Abstracts: Analytical Methods Page 113
At DETERMINATION OF PHENETHYLAMINE· AND PIPERAZINE·DERIVED DESIGNER DRUGS IN URINE BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY Yvonne Lood* and Arne Eklund, National Board of Forensic Medicine, Department ofForensic Chemistry, University Hospital, SE-5S1 S5 Linkoping, Sweden New designer drugs have appeared on the illicit drug market during the last years. Many of these drugs are easily available on the Internet and there are several web sites that give a lot of information about these substances. Forensic laboratories are continuously in need of complementary addition of existing methods or developing new methods for these substances. Screening of urine samples for amphetamines in our laboratory is routinely done by enzyme immunoassay and those giving positiv results are confirmed by another analyze. The urine is analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in the selected ion monitoring mode (81M) after liquid-liquid extration with isooctane followed by derivatization with tritluoroaceticanhydride. This method is quantitative for amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDMA, MDA and qualitative for MDEA, MBDB, phentermine, phenylpropanolamine, ephedrine, pseUdoephedrine and phenmetrazine. If the result of this method is negative in spite of positive immunological testing or if the police or the pathologists have a request about other central stimulating designer drugs we use our method for phenetylamines and piperazines. It is a rapid and simple method because we use the sample extract from the former analysis and just reinject it on the GClMS using the SIM. Verification of a positive result is done by full scan analysis and searching in our own reference library. The method was developed for identification of the phenetylamines p-methoxyamphetamine (PMA), p-methoxymethamphetamine (PMMA), 4-methylthioamphetamine (4-MTA), 3,4,5-trimethoxyamphetamine (TMA), 2,5-dimethoxy-4 methylamphetamine (DOM), 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine (DOB), 4-chloro-2,5 dimethoxyamphetamine (DOC), 4-ethyl-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine (DOET), 4-bromo-2,5 dimethoxyphenetylamine (2C-B), 4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenetylamine (2C-I), 4-ethyl-2,5 dimethoxyphenetylamine (2C-E), 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenetylamine (mescaline) and the piperazines N benzylpiperazine (A2), N-(3-tritluoromethylphenyl)piperazine (TFMPP), N-( 4-methoxyphenyl)piperazine (MeOPP) and N-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine (CPP). The selection ofsubstances included in the method was dependent on the seizures done by the police and the availability ofthe substances. Seven ofthe substances were kindly received from the National Laboratory ofForensic Science, Linkoping, Sweden. Immunoassay screening methodology is of limited value in detecting designer drugs in urine because of low cross reactivity for most of these substances. When a case, with clearly symptoms of being under the influence of central stimulant, needs to be investigated the described method is used even if the urine has been tested negative with immunological methods. In November 2003 one 17-year- and two IS-year-old males were found positive for 2C-E. They were caught by the police in the street showing symptoms that indicated ingestion of some narcotics. The urine samples were negative for screening but we analyzed further with the method for phenetylamines and piperazines and could by that identify 2C-E. The concentrations were 2,1 IlglmL, O,S Ilg/mL and 0,06 IlglmL respectively. Until today we have in 54 cases identified and verified seven ofthese substances in urine samples, 2C-E, MeOPP, A2, DOC, PMA, PMMA and 4-MT A. Keywords: Designer drugs, Amphetamines, GC-MS Page 115
Page 1 and 2: KeY'Nord Index Abdomen pain, C II
Page 3 and 4: Environmental toxicology, C4 Enzyme
Page 5 and 6: Non-controlled psychotropic substan
Page 7 and 8: Presenting Author Index . · A'
Page 9: Parker Dawn R PS6 Paterson Sue F9 I
Page 13 and 14: A3 COMPARISON OF THE SENSITIVITY A
Page 15 and 16: AS SURVEY ON FORENSIC TOXICOLOGICA
Page 17 and 18: A7 QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF A
Page 19 and 20: A9 . RESOURCE GUIDE FOR USERS OF S
Page 21 and 22: All DIRECT ANALYSIS OF MDMA AND MET
Page 23 and 24: A13 SCREENING FOR ACE INHIBITORS A
Page 25 and 26: A15 ANALYSIS FOR LORAZEPAM IN BLOO
Page 27 and 28: A17 HIGH.PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMA
Page 29 and 30: A19 PERFORMANCE OF ASSAYS FOR THER
Page 31 and 32: A21 ALCOHOL DETERMINATION BY HEAD
Page 33 and 34: A23 THE EXTRACTION AND ANALYSIS OF
Page 35 and 36: A25 A RAPID METHOD FOR MEASURING AN
Page 37 and 38: A27 EFFECT OF SODIUM CHLORIDE ON H
Page 39 and 40: A29 SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF
Page 41 and 42: A31 ANALYSIS OF TETRAHYDROCANNABIN
Page 43 and 44: A33 EVALUATION OF BUPRENORPHINE CE
Page 45 and 46: A35 ETHYLGLUCRONIDE ANALYSIS IN UR
Page 47 and 48: ..~. A37 HIGH THROUGHPUT SCREENING
Page 49 and 50: A39 RAPID DETERMINA nON OF CHLORAM
Page 51 and 52: A41 DETERMINATION OF STRYCHNINE IN
Page 53 and 54: A43 SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF
Page 55 and 56: A45 FAST QUANTIFICATION OF ETHANOL
Page 57 and 58: A47 STABILITY OF PLASMA ACETALDEHY
Page 59 and 60: A49 AN LC-MSIMS METHOD FOR THE QUA
Page 61 and 62:
AS1 SIMULTANEOUS ANALYSIS OF HIPPU
Page 63 and 64:
AS3 DETERMINATION OF ETHYL GLUCURO
Page 65 and 66:
ASS EFFECTS OF ASCORBATE DERJV A T
Page 67 and 68:
A57 ELISA FOR THE SCREENING OF OPI
Page 69 and 70:
A59 DETERMINATION OF ACONITINE ALK
Page 71 and 72:
A61 SIMULTANEOUS ANALYSIS FOR PSYC
Page 73 and 74:
A63 SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION BAS
Page 75 and 76:
A65 A STUDY OF CROSS-REACTIVITY OF
Page 77 and 78:
A67 A GENERAL SCREENING AND CONFIR
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A69 FORENSIC DRUG ANALYSIS WITHOUT
Page 81 and 82:
A71 USE OF STANDARD ADDITION/STAND
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A73 PREVALENCE OF GHB IN SUSPECTED
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A7S IDENTIFICATION AND ISOLATION O
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A77 DETERMINING THE USE OF N1-ETHY
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A79 LC-MSIMS METHOD DEVELOPMENT FO
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A81 PHENMETRAZINE OR EPHEDRINE FOO
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A83 DETERMINA TION OF NALOXONE AND
Page 95 and 96:
Scientific Session Abstracts: Beh
Page 97 and 98:
B2 PROSPECTIVE STUDY ABOUT THE EFF
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B4 REASONS FOR OVERESTIMATION OF T
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B6 EVALUATION OF THE POST-ROTATION
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B8 TOXICOLOGICAL FINDINGS IN CASES
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BIO LOW BLOOD ALCOHOL LEVELS, ATTEN
Page 107 and 108:
B12 DRUGS OF ABUSE IN PORTUGAL; A
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B14 EFFECTS OF OPIOIDS ON METHAMPH
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B16 AMELIORATION OF LEAD TOXICITY
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·Scientific Session Abstracts: C
Page 115 and 116:
C2 PARADOXICAL RESULTS FROM SCREEN
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C3 ALUMINUM TESTING IN TRACE-METAL
Page 119 and 120:
C5 DETECTION OF NITRAZEPAM USING I
Page 121 and 122:
C7 METHCATHINONE: A NEW POSTINDUST
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C9 A PROPOSED SCHEME FOR FOXY META
Page 125 and 126:
ell ABDOMINAL COMPLICATION OF INHAL
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C13 A HOMOGENEOUS ENZYME IMMUNOASS
Page 129 and 130:
CIS RAPID DETERMINATION OF CAUSATI
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C17 CHANGES OF GENE EXPRESSION BEF
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C19 A CASE OF SURREPTITIOUS NON-FA
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e21 RAPID, SIMPLE AND V ALIDA TED G
Page 137 and 138:
C23 BIOMONITORING OF EXPOSURE TO C
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C25 PROPYLENE GLYCOL IN EXTREMELY
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C27 PHARMACEUTICAL IDENTIFICATION
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C29 AN EVENT ASSOCIATED WITH FATAL
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C31 DETECTION OF NEW MINOR METABOL
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C33 NOVEL ASPECTS OF IN VITRO META
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Scientific Session Abstracts: . F
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F2 URINE ADUL TERA TION TRENDS FROM
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F5 PAPAIN, A NOVEL URINE ADULTERAN
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F6 A COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF THE
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F8 UNUSUAL DRUG TEST RESULTS FROM
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FlO EFFECTIVENESS OF FREE AND TOTAL
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F12 TITLE: AMPHETAMINE CONCENTRATI
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F14 AUTOMATED APPROACH TO NON-NEGA
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F16 URINARY EXCRETION OF MORPHINE
Page 167 and 168:
FI8 A RAPID LCIMS METHOD FOR THE D
Page 169 and 170:
F20 CONFIRMATION RATES OF INITIAL
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F22 USE OF COMPOUNDS ALTERING VIGI
Page 173 and 174:
F23 SCREENING OF BUPRENORPHINE IN
Page 175 and 176:
F25 IDENTIFICATION OF CHLORINATED
Page 177 and 178:
F27 LINEAR RELATIONSHIPS OF 6.-9-T
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Ml COMPARISON STUDY OF SPE AND HS-S
Page 181 and 182:
M3 AMPHETAMINE BINDING TO SYNTHETI
Page 183 and 184:
M5 METHOD VALIDATION AND DETERMINA
Page 185 and 186:
M7 EVALUATION OF KETAMINE ABUSE US
Page 187 and 188:
M9 SCREENING OF BENZODIAZEPINES AN
Page 189 and 190:
Mll DIAGNOSIS OF CHRONIC ALCOHOL CO
Page 191 and 192:
M13 EVIDENCE OF ADDICTION BY ANAES
Page 193 and 194:
M15 DRUG DETECTION IN ORAL FLUID:
Page 195 and 196:
M17 CANNABINOID ANALYSIS OF ORAL F
Page 197 and 198:
M19 METHOD DEVELOPMENT OF MICROWAV
Page 199 and 200:
M21 IMPROVED GCMS ANALYSIS OF THC
Page 201 and 202:
M23 ~9-TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL (THC),
Page 203 and 204:
M25 ,--- LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY -
Page 205 and 206:
M27 DETERMINA TION OF THC IN ORAL
Page 207 and 208:
M29 CODEINE AND METABOLITE DISPOSI
Page 209 and 210:
M31 DETERMINATION OF A'.TETRAHYDRO
Page 211 and 212:
M33 ENHANCED SENSITIVITY FOR DRUGS
Page 213 and 214:
M35 DRUG DETECTION IN HAIR: ASSESS
Page 215 and 216:
M37 ALCOHOL TESTING BY AN ONSITE O
Page 217 and 218:
M39 QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF DEXTR
Page 219 and 220:
M41 GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY:'HIGH-RESOLU
Page 221 and 222:
M43 COCAETHYLENE: A POTENTIALLY LE
Page 223 and 224:
M45 DETECTION OF COTININE IN EXHAL
Page 225 and 226:
M47 METHAMPHETAMINE AND AMPHETAMIN
Page 227 and 228:
M49 DISPOSITION OF NJ-TETRAHYDROCAN
Page 229 and 230:
MSl DISPOSITION OF COCAINE AND META
Page 231 and 232:
PI NEW GENERATIONS OF ANTIDEPRESAN
Page 233 and 234:
P3 POSTMORTEM REDISTRIBUTION OF TH
Page 235 and 236:
PS POSTMORTEM DETERMINATION OF SIL
Page 237 and 238:
P7 A COMBINED DRUG INTOXICATION IN
Page 239 and 240:
P9 DETERMINATION OF OXCARBAZEPINE
Page 241 and 242:
PH DISTRIBUTION OF QUETIAPINE IN N
Page 243 and 244:
P13 MIRTAZAPINE-RELATED DEATHS R A
Page 245 and 246:
PIS LEVELS OF LEVETIRACETAM IN POS
Page 247 and 248:
P17 POSTMORTEM DISTRIBUTION OF TRA
Page 249 and 250:
P19 EVALUA TION OF DEBATED QUESTIO
Page 251 and 252:
P21 "STUDENT ON ALPHA-METHYLTRYPTA
Page 253 and 254:
P23 CASE REPORT: THE USE OF AMITRI
Page 255 and 256:
P25 ECSTACY MANUFACTURE: A CASE FO
Page 257 and 258:
P27 ANALYSIS OF POSTMORTEM BONEIBO
Page 259 and 260:
P29 THE ROLE OF COCAINE IN HEROIN
Page 261 and 262:
P31 TRENDS IN THE DETECTION OF DRU
Page 263 and 264:
P33 POSTMORTEM CASES RELATED TO COC
Page 265 and 266:
P35 CARBON MONOXIDE AND ETHANOL IN
Page 267 and 268:
P37 QUANTITA TIVE APPROACH TO DRUG
Page 269 and 270:
P39 FORMALIN-INDUCED METHAMPHETAMI
Page 271 and 272:
P41 SURVEY OF ABUSED DRUGS IN PERI
Page 273 and 274:
P43 "ECSTASY" IN THE A.M. AND P.M.
Page 275 and 276:
P45 ARSENIC IN NAPOLEON'S HAIR: IS
Page 277 and 278:
P47 INTERPRETATION OF POSTMORTEM A
Page 279 and 280:
P49 ALFENTANIL FATAL INJECTION: A
Page 281 and 282:
PSt UNUSUAL TRAMADOL CONCENTRATIONS
Page 283 and 284:
P53 LORAZEPAM AND DEATH INVESTIGAT
Page 285 and 286:
P55 QUETIAPINE CONCENTRATIONS IN I
Page 287 and 288:
PS7 CAFFEINE INTOXICA nON: MORE TH
Page 289 and 290:
P59 INTERPRETING ANTIHISTAMINE LEV
Page 291 and 292:
P61 A MULTI-CENTER STUDY OF PHARMA
Page 293 and 294:
P63 GHB CONCENTRATIONS IN A V ARlE
Page 295:
P65 POSTMORTEM BLOOD ALCOHOL RELIAB
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SOFT 2004 Meeting Abstracts - Society of Forensic Toxicologists

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