SOFT 2004 Meeting Abstracts - Society of Forensic Toxicologists
SOFT 2004 Meeting Abstracts - Society of Forensic Toxicologists
SOFT 2004 Meeting Abstracts - Society of Forensic Toxicologists
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e22<br />
NEONATAL ABSTINENCE SYNDROME IN METHADONE-EXPOSED INFANTS IS ALTERED<br />
BY LEVEL OF TOBACCO EXPOSURE<br />
Robin E. Choo*·, Marilyn A. Huestis·, Jennifer R. Schroeder·, Hendree E. Jones b , <br />
·IRP, NIDA, NIH, Baltimore, MD, bDept. Psychiatry and Behaviora\ Sciences, lHU School <strong>of</strong> Medi.cine <br />
Baltimore, MD 21224, US<br />
'<br />
In utero exposure to tobacco has been associated with lower birth weight infants, pre-term births, smaller<br />
head circumference, intrauterine growth retardation and increased fetal morbidity; however, few studies<br />
have examined the neurobehavioral effects <strong>of</strong> prenatal tobacco exposure. This report describes the effect <strong>of</strong><br />
prenatal tobacco exposure on neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) for infants born to methadone (mean<br />
dose 77.0 mg/day ± 19.4, range 40-110) maintained mothers. Twenty-nine pregnant women and their<br />
infants participated in this IRB approved study. Smoking histories were obtained by maternal self-report at<br />
enrollment into the study and at delivery. Sixteen women, light smokers (LS), reported cigarette<br />
consumption <strong>of</strong> 10 or less cigarettes/day (mean 8.4 ± 2.3) and thirteen women, heavy smokers (HS),<br />
reported smoking 20 or more cigarettes/day (mean<br />
21.5 ± 5.5). The onset, peak and duration <strong>of</strong> NAS<br />
were examined. Infants born to mothers in the HS group had significantly higher (p=0.014) NAS peak<br />
scores <strong>of</strong> 9.8 ± 4.8 as compared to 5.6 ± 3.8 as seen in the LS group. There was a significant difference<br />
(p=0.016) in time to peak between the HS group (113.8 ± 90.0 h) and the LS group (37.8 ± 33.8 h). The<br />
duration <strong>of</strong>NAS showed a trend towards statistical significance (p=0.054) between the HS (mean 9.5 ± 7.3<br />
days) and LS (mean 5.1 ± 4.6 days) grolJps. These data showed that infants born to mothers in the HS<br />
group had a 57% higher NAS peak score, took 33% longer to peak and had a 54% increase in NAS<br />
duration as compared to the LS group. These results demonstrate the need for future studies to examine the<br />
role <strong>of</strong> tobacco exposure as a variable in the examination <strong>of</strong> opioid associated NAS.<br />
Keywords: Prenatal, Methadone, Nicotine, NAS, Outcomes<br />
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