SOFT 2004 Meeting Abstracts - Society of Forensic Toxicologists

C14
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON TOXIC MANIFESTATIONS INDUCED BY INGESTION OR INJECTION OF COMMONLY
USED DISINFECTANTS AND SURFACTANTS
Yoko Hieda*l, Yuying Xue', Koji Takayama', Yoshio Tsujin0 2 , Junko Fujihara l , Haruo Takeshita l - 'Department of Legal Medicine, Shimane
University School of Medicine, Shimane, Japan, "Department of Dermatology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Shimane, Japan
Background and aim: Accidental or intentional ingestion or injection of household products sometimes occur due to their easy accessibilities,
but the toxic manifestations have not been well characterized when they are internally administered since these products are not developed for
medicines. We previously evaluated the toxic and kinetic properties of Osvan® (benzalkonium chloride) that is widely used as a cationic
surfactant and disinfectant, in which we showed that (I) different toxicological progression and manifestation appeared in administration via
femoral artery (FA) among intravascular administrations even though the blood concentration profiles were similar, and (2) the degree of
toxicity correlated with the peak blood concentrations in orally dosed (PO) rats (Toxicol Lett 148: J13-123, 2004). The aim ofthis study was to
evaluate whether or not the difference in toxic manifestations among routes of administration observed in Osvan® were specific only to cationic
surfactant, any kinds of surfactants, or any kinds of disinfectants.
Materials and Methods: The test drugs involved Osvan® (cationic surfactant and disinfectant), Hyamine® (cationic surfactant and disinfectant),
Tego® (zwitterionic surfactant and disinfectant), linear alkylbenzene sulfonate C I" (LAS,,) (anionic surfactant), VOlpo®20 (nonionic surfactant),
Maskin® (non-surfactant and disinfectant), Ethanol (non-surfactant and disinfectant) and saline (control). Fifty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats
'were administered one ofthe test drugs orally, intravenously via jugular vein (JV) or intraarterially via FA. Two to four different doses of drug
were examined for each drug, and varied between 3 to 150 mglkg for a intravascular dose based on individual LD 5Q and 250 or 1250 mglkg for
a oral dose except for ethanol. The dose ofethanol was set up at 0.3-1.5 glkg and 1.5-1.5 glkg for a intravascular and oral dose, respectively. The
conditionofrat was observed for 24 h after a dose and then the rat was sacrificed. The cardiac blood and tissue samples were collected for assay
and histoIogical examination. The rats that died before 24 h were autopsied immediately after death to collect samples.
Results and discussion: Toxic manifestations were different among the routes of administrations within the same test drugs except for Volpo"'20
and saline. The toxic peak appeared soon after the dose following JV administration, while toxic effects developed with the lapse of time
following higher doses ofFA and ,PO administrations, though the degree ofeffects or time-course symptoms varied among drugs. Necrotic-like
symptom developed around the injecting side of leg following FA administration in cationic or twitterionic surfactants and Maskin®, while it'
appeared on opposite side ofleg inLAS 12. The FA-dosed rats had higher blood myoglobin concentrations compared to JV- or PO-dosed. rats and
they hardly urinated after a dose, suggesting that kidney was highly affected in FA administration. In PO administration, all high dose of
surfactants except for Volpo"'20 died at 5-20 h after a dose, while all non-surfactant disinfectants survived for I day at the same dose, suggesting
that ionic surfactants have greater toxicities in PO administration. Severe damage of internal membrane of alimentary tract observed in ionic
surfactants indicated that the ionic surfactant is critical chemical property to induce toxic effects in PO administration. The overall toxic degree
based on the dose-size, except ethanol, could be ranked as strong as cationic surfactant =Maskin > zwitterionic surfactant =anionic surfactant
> nonionic surfactant. These results suggested that (l) generally ranked stronger disinfectants have higher toxicities when they are
intravascularly administered, (2) toxic manifestations are different between JV and FA administrations but with having similar trend in any kind
of disinfectants and surfactants, and (3) ionic surfactants have stronger toxicities compared to nonionic surfactant or non-surfactant when they
are orally administered.
Keywords: surfactant, disinfectant, toxicity
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