titus-larsen-titus-1981-apple-interfacing

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MCS6500 2MHETIM!NG CLOOI: TIM!NG-MCS6512, 13, 14, 15, 16 Symbol Ctwaci:eristic Min lyp Ma• Unit Tcvc Cycle Time 500 nsec PWH ¢1 Clock Pulse Width ¢1 21S PWH ¢2 (Measured at V cc - 0.2 V) ¢2 235 nsec Tr Fall Time (Measured from 0.2 V to V cc - 0.2 V) 12 nsec To Delay Time Between Clocks (Measured at 0.2 V) 0 nsec CLOCK TIM!NG-MCS6502, 03, 04, 05, 06 Symbol Characteristic Min Typ Max Unit Tcvc Cycle Time soo ns PWH\(>0 \(>0 (IN) Pulse Width (measured at 1.5 V) 240 260 ns TR¢0, TF0 ¢0 (JN) Rise, Fall Time 10 ns To Delay Time Between Clocks (measured at 1.5 V) s PWH\(>1 1 (OUT) Pulse Width (measured at 1.S V) PWHef>0t-20 PWHef>ot ns PWHq,2 2 (OUT) Pulse Width (measured at 1.S V) PWHef>0H-40 PWHef>0H-10 ns T,, T, ¢1 (OUTJ, 4'2 (OUT) Rise, Fall Time 2S (measured .8 V to 2.0 V) (Load = 30pF + 1 TIL) ns ns !IEAD!WllITT TIMING Symbol Omaderistic Min Typ Max Unit T RWS Read/Write Setup Time From MCS6SOOA 100 150 TADS Address Setup Time From MCS6SOOA 100 1SO TACC Memory Read Access Time 300 Tosu Data Stability Time Period THR Data Hold Time - Read THW Data Hold Time - Write so 10 30 ns ns ns ns ns 60 ns TMDS Data Setup Time From MCS6500A 7S 100 TROY RDY, S.0. Setup Time so TsvNc SYNC Setup Time From MCS6SOOA 17S ns THA Address Hold Time 30 60 THRW R/W Hold Time 30 60 ns ns ns ns
APPENDIX D Apple Interface Breadboard Parts Parts required for the construction of the Apple Interface Breadboard: IC 1 & 7 IC 2 & 6 IC 3,4, & 5 IC 8 IC 9 IC 10 & 11 IC 12 IC 13 IC 14 IC 15 IC 16, 17, 18, & 20 IC 19 Dl - D4 D5 D6 D7 DB & D9 16-pin resistor network, eight independent 1000- ohm resistors 8-position DIP switch (on-off) SN74LS85 Quad comparator IC (Do Not Substitute SN7 4L85) SN74LS20 dual four-input NAND gate IC SN74365 or DM8095 three-state buffer 8216 noninverting bus buffer, Intel or equivalent SN74154 decoder IC SN7404 inverter IC SN74123 or SN74SL123 dual monostable IC LM319N dual comparator ( 14-pin package) High-quality 16-pin IC sockets, Augat 516-AGlOD, or equivalent High-quality 8-pin IC socket, Augat 508-AG-lOD, or equivalent 1N4001 50 piv, 1-ampere diodes"' Yellow LED Red LED Green LED 1N4148 or 1N4154, small-signal diodes 195
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lJ. 21862 APPLE® INTERFACING JONAT
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APPLE® INTERFACING by Jonathan A.
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Preface The purpose in writing this
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make no attempt to provide much det
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Contents CHAPTER 1 6502 PROCESSOR 9
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CHAPTER 1 6502 Processor The Apple
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Fig. 1- 1. 6502 Microprocessor chip
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locate the memory "cell" that is to
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IR.,view At this point, you should
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Gei'!eral-fi!Jrp@S('; I/ 0 Commaru:
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of an examined memory location. Fro
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will now explore the actions that e
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transfers will require more than ei
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grams are probably easier to write
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·when the Apple computer is progrn
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Y@bie ::!1. VNth i
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DECODED OUTPUT puter systems, the R
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1 1 1 Using Decoders In many cases,
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used in PEEK commands, for example
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An alternate approach is to use bot
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sections, but the address inputs, A
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fUNCTlON TABLES COMPARING CASCADING
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flexible decoding scheme, as shown
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until the power is turned off. Ther
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the logic zero state. In most cases
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ue in sequence (in binary), 255, 25
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DATA BUS DATA A SN74125 DATA B DATA
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R gates that control the enabling o
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state of the unused bits cannot be
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CHAPTER 4 Flags and Decisions n alm
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VALUE 00111010 00011010 11110000 00
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•• Addrss Byte Da;a Syie Mexacl
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INPUT DEVICE RD 49321 - READY/BUSY
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INPUT DEVICE INPUT PORT Dl Dl ' D3
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y-language programming will also be
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CHAPTER 5 Breadboarding 01 With the
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5 IN4001 (4) 6 ,.___'-'' N:...J LM3
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A15 AIO A13 Al2 Al4 All A9 AfJ D .L
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In the memory address mode, must pl
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PIN CONFIGURATION DJ, LOGIC DIAGRAM
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The actual ORing of these control s
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Fig. 5·10. Packaged version of the
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SIGNAL APPLE PfN INTERFACE PIN +12V
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·.chips have rather slow access ti
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are possible, we think that one exp
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in most of the experiments unless o
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tep 3 You may wish to test other po
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,..,,.,....,"'"' in the block from
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None of the outputs should be activ
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---" 2 CLR 20 2 CK Si\17474 The dev
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entered and run, It first asks you
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+5 Gl\ID LOGIC SWITCHES A B c D 16
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PR INT "O"; GOTO 65 If you wish to
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am, and the two-byte decimal calcul
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for each value that is input to the
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of the monitor screen each time the
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A = 128 420 B = PEEK(493 l 9) 430 F
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il!!lie -2. 0 THEN . . .
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program. You may forgotten steps to
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The A output, RD 49319, has already
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used the following program: FOR A =
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· numbers would have to be "split"
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tep 1 The input port and output por
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0'"""c"y'·i- the relative values t
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and output ports are simply additio
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e has been divided into 256 values,
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e converter will not burn out, sinc
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07 DATA BUS DO 3 4 7 a 13 14 17 18
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each decade. The bed code is used i
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LED BIT RED } D3 YELLOW EL M D4 GRE
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: : FOR T = 0 TO 770 NEX T T NEX T
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Thus, by testing the value input fr
Page 145 and 146: he six LEDs should be removed from
Page 147 and 148: Yo'1 should be able to develop the
Page 149 and 150: INPUT "LAST TWO DIGITS ";A$ IF A$ =
Page 151 and 152: tfhe program first tests the reset
Page 153 and 154: would you program the computer so t
Page 155 and 156: Yes. Simply reverse the commands at
Page 157 and 158: · computer to measure analog volta
Page 159 and 160: he minimum value should be in the r
Page 161 and 162: 130 Y2 = PEEK(49319)/ 1.594 140 HPL
Page 163 and 164: You probably will not see much chan
Page 165 and 166: D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 Dl DO 'b- • "A"
Page 167 and 168: ll'i!i Name 1 1/0 SELECT 2- 17 A 15
Page 169 and 170: ADDRESS BUS A7-AO :> MEMORY 256 x 8
Page 171 and 172: !n!erfac" Slel Addwess lta"%Je 0 C0
Page 173 and 174: 28 INT IN SLOT 6 +5 lK Lr LOCAL INT
Page 175 and 176: USER 1 This input will allow you to
Page 177 and 178: puts. You must be careful in your d
Page 179 and 180: CONTROL/ DATA input at pin 12 ( C/D
Page 181 and 182: 93427 OR EQUIV ROM ADDRESS BUS 1---
Page 183 and 184: use of red LEDs is recommended, sin
Page 185 and 186: APPENDIX B Parts Required for the E
Page 187 and 188: APPENDIX 6502 Microprocessor Techni
Page 189 and 190: MC§f.500 IE1lriy {D"i) This input
Page 191 and 192: MCS6500 INSTilUCTION SH-ALPHABETICA
Page 193 and 194: ,, ,, T!M!NG Il-01! READING DI\ TA
Page 195: MCS0t-20 PWH¢01 ns PWH¢2 ¢11ou11
Page 199 and 200: APPENDIX E Printed-Circuit Board Ar
Page 201 and 202: !'i9. E-2. Printecl-
Page 203: F t • I +: a... :::> 0 a: (!> 0 (
Page 206 and 207: Controllers, 14 Converter analog-to
Page 208: Pin configuration-cont SN7474, 150
Page 211: The Blacksburg Group According to B
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