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in most of the experiments unless other.vise noted, and you can<br />
these circuits to build general-purpose input and output ports as<br />
need them.<br />
If you are an instructor planning to use this book as the basis for<br />
boratory experiments with the Apple, you will find that the proms<br />
are easily loaded onto cassettes. In this way the programs are<br />
adily available for the students, who do not have to spend their<br />
me trying to debug programs. If you choose to use cassettes, you<br />
ould use high quality tape, and once the programs have been rerded<br />
on the tape, the "write protect" tab on the back edge of the<br />
assette should be removed. This will prevent students from accidenlly<br />
recording programs over those already on tape.<br />
Students may find it valuable to maintain cassettes of their own,<br />
that their lab solutions and other programs are readily available,<br />
her for exchange with other students or lab groups, or for refere<br />
during the next lab period.<br />
The experiments in this chapter have been divided into two<br />
groups, although no division, chapter subheading, or other note<br />
J'narks the sections. The first 11 experiments provide a basic set of inierfacing<br />
and programming investigations for readers who are intered<br />
in basic <strong>interfacing</strong> concepts. These first experiments provide<br />
basis for the laboratory portion of a first course in computer intercing<br />
and computer electronics.<br />
The last few experiments provide additional lab investigations into<br />
advanced topics, and they also provide projects that may be<br />
'":"'"'''°,._,to supplement the basic set of experiments. Of course, all of the<br />
1kperiments may be done, too.<br />
rpo!le<br />
EXPERIMtNT NO. 1<br />
USE Of THIE lOGIC PROBE<br />
The purpose of this experiment is to show you how the logic probe<br />
uit on the breadboard may be used to detect logic levels and<br />
e have assumed that you are using the breadboard logic probe,<br />
ough other logic-probe circuits will work equally well. The steps<br />
this experiment are useful in helping you to become familiar with<br />
breadboard and the signals available.<br />
Apple computer should be connected to its video monitor<br />
also to the interface breadboard through the 40-conductor cable.
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