titus-larsen-titus-1981-apple-interfacing

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READER. SER.VICE CARD To better serve you, the reader, please take a moment to fill out this card, or a copy of it, for us. Not only will you be kept up to date on the Blacksburg Series books, but as an extra bonus, \We wm riandomny s€liect fiw cal!'h nerry month, from an ofthe cards g;eird to 'I.TIS duriii t!rne prevfo@ month. The mm§ that t!f
The Blacksburg Group According to Business Week magazine (Technology July 6, 1976) large scale integrated circuits or LSI "chips" are creating a second industrial revolution that will quickly involve us all. The speed of the developments in this area is breathtaking and it becomes more and more difficult to keep up with the rapid advonces that are being made. It is also becoming difficult for newcomers to "get on board." It has been our objective, as The Blacksburg Group, to develop timely and effective educational materials that will permit students, engineers, scientists, technicians and others to quickly learn how to use new technologies and electronic techniques. We continue to do this through several means, textbooks, short courses, seminars and through the development of special electronic devices and training aids. Our group members make their home in Blacksburg, found in the Appalachian Mountains of southwestern Virginia. While w.e didn't actively start our group collaboration until the Spring of 1974, members of our group have been involved in digital electronics, minicomputers and microcomputers for some time. Some of our post experiences and on-going efforts include the following: -The design and development of what is considered to be the first popular hobbyist computer. The Mark-B was featured in Radio-Electronics magazine in 1974. We have also designed several 8080-based computers, including the MMD-I system. Our most recent computer is an 8085-bosed computer for educational use, and for use in small controllers. -The Blacksburg Continuing Education SeriesT" covers subjects ranging from basic electronics through microcomputers, operational amplifiers, and active filters. Test experiments and examples have been provided in each book. We ore strong believers in the use of detailed experiments and examples to reinforce basic concepts. This series originally started as our Bugbook series and many titles are now being translated into Chinese, Japanese, German and Italian. -We have pioneered the use of small, self-contained computers in hands-on courses for microcomputer us.ers. Many of our designs have evolved into commercial products that ore marketed by E&L Instruments and PACCOM, and are available from Group Technology, Ltd., Check, VA 24072. -Our short courses and seminar programs have been presented throughout the world. Programs ore offered by The Blacksburg Group, and by the Virginia Polytechnic Institute Extension Division. Each series of courses provides hands-on experience with real computers and electronic devices. Courses and seminars are provided on a regular basis, cmd are also provided for groups, companies and schools at a site of their choosing. We ore strong believers in practical laboratory exercises, so much time is spent working with electronic equipment, computers and circuits. Additional information may be obtained from Dr. Chris Titus, the Blacksburg Group, Inc. (703) 951-9030 or from Dr. Linda Leffel, Virginia Tech Continuing Education Center (703) 961-5241. Our group members are Mr. David G. Larsen, who is on the faculty of the Department of Chemistry at Virginia Tech, and Ors. Jon Titus and Chris Titus who work full-time with The Blacksburg Group, all of Blacksburg, VA.
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lJ. 21862 APPLE® INTERFACING JONAT
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APPLE® INTERFACING by Jonathan A.
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Preface The purpose in writing this
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make no attempt to provide much det
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Contents CHAPTER 1 6502 PROCESSOR 9
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CHAPTER 1 6502 Processor The Apple
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Fig. 1- 1. 6502 Microprocessor chip
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locate the memory "cell" that is to
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IR.,view At this point, you should
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Gei'!eral-fi!Jrp@S('; I/ 0 Commaru:
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of an examined memory location. Fro
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will now explore the actions that e
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transfers will require more than ei
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grams are probably easier to write
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·when the Apple computer is progrn
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Y@bie ::!1. VNth i
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DECODED OUTPUT puter systems, the R
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1 1 1 Using Decoders In many cases,
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used in PEEK commands, for example
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An alternate approach is to use bot
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sections, but the address inputs, A
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fUNCTlON TABLES COMPARING CASCADING
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flexible decoding scheme, as shown
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until the power is turned off. Ther
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the logic zero state. In most cases
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ue in sequence (in binary), 255, 25
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DATA BUS DATA A SN74125 DATA B DATA
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R gates that control the enabling o
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state of the unused bits cannot be
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CHAPTER 4 Flags and Decisions n alm
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VALUE 00111010 00011010 11110000 00
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•• Addrss Byte Da;a Syie Mexacl
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INPUT DEVICE RD 49321 - READY/BUSY
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INPUT DEVICE INPUT PORT Dl Dl ' D3
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y-language programming will also be
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CHAPTER 5 Breadboarding 01 With the
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5 IN4001 (4) 6 ,.___'-'' N:...J LM3
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A15 AIO A13 Al2 Al4 All A9 AfJ D .L
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In the memory address mode, must pl
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PIN CONFIGURATION DJ, LOGIC DIAGRAM
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The actual ORing of these control s
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Fig. 5·10. Packaged version of the
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SIGNAL APPLE PfN INTERFACE PIN +12V
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·.chips have rather slow access ti
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are possible, we think that one exp
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in most of the experiments unless o
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tep 3 You may wish to test other po
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,..,,.,....,"'"' in the block from
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None of the outputs should be activ
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---" 2 CLR 20 2 CK Si\17474 The dev
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entered and run, It first asks you
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+5 Gl\ID LOGIC SWITCHES A B c D 16
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PR INT "O"; GOTO 65 If you wish to
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am, and the two-byte decimal calcul
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for each value that is input to the
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of the monitor screen each time the
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A = 128 420 B = PEEK(493 l 9) 430 F
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il!!lie -2. 0 THEN . . .
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program. You may forgotten steps to
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The A output, RD 49319, has already
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used the following program: FOR A =
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· numbers would have to be "split"
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tep 1 The input port and output por
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0'"""c"y'·i- the relative values t
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and output ports are simply additio
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e has been divided into 256 values,
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e converter will not burn out, sinc
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07 DATA BUS DO 3 4 7 a 13 14 17 18
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each decade. The bed code is used i
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LED BIT RED } D3 YELLOW EL M D4 GRE
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: : FOR T = 0 TO 770 NEX T T NEX T
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Thus, by testing the value input fr
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he six LEDs should be removed from
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Yo'1 should be able to develop the
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INPUT "LAST TWO DIGITS ";A$ IF A$ =
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tfhe program first tests the reset
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would you program the computer so t
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Yes. Simply reverse the commands at
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· computer to measure analog volta
Page 159 and 160: he minimum value should be in the r
Page 161 and 162: 130 Y2 = PEEK(49319)/ 1.594 140 HPL
Page 163 and 164: You probably will not see much chan
Page 165 and 166: D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 Dl DO 'b- • "A"
Page 167 and 168: ll'i!i Name 1 1/0 SELECT 2- 17 A 15
Page 169 and 170: ADDRESS BUS A7-AO :> MEMORY 256 x 8
Page 171 and 172: !n!erfac" Slel Addwess lta"%Je 0 C0
Page 173 and 174: 28 INT IN SLOT 6 +5 lK Lr LOCAL INT
Page 175 and 176: USER 1 This input will allow you to
Page 177 and 178: puts. You must be careful in your d
Page 179 and 180: CONTROL/ DATA input at pin 12 ( C/D
Page 181 and 182: 93427 OR EQUIV ROM ADDRESS BUS 1---
Page 183 and 184: use of red LEDs is recommended, sin
Page 185 and 186: APPENDIX B Parts Required for the E
Page 187 and 188: APPENDIX 6502 Microprocessor Techni
Page 189 and 190: MC§f.500 IE1lriy {D"i) This input
Page 191 and 192: MCS6500 INSTilUCTION SH-ALPHABETICA
Page 193 and 194: ,, ,, T!M!NG Il-01! READING DI\ TA
Page 195 and 196: MCS0t-20 PWH¢01 ns PWH¢2 ¢11ou11
Page 197 and 198: APPENDIX D Apple Interface Breadboa
Page 199 and 200: APPENDIX E Printed-Circuit Board Ar
Page 201 and 202: !'i9. E-2. Printecl-
Page 203: F t • I +: a... :::> 0 a: (!> 0 (
Page 206 and 207: Controllers, 14 Converter analog-to
Page 208: Pin configuration-cont SN7474, 150
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