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Shafir, Shlomo. “George S. Messersmith: An Anti-Nazi Diplomat’s View of the German- Jewish Crisis” Jewish Social Studies vol. 35, no. 1 (January, 1973): 32-41. ________. “American Diplomats in Berlin (1933-1939).” Yad Vashem Studies 9 (1973): 71-104 Spear, Sheldon. “The United States and the Persecution of the Jews in Germany, 1933- 1939.” Jewish Social Studies 30, no. 4 (October, 1968): 215-242 Leo Spitzer, “Rootless Nostalgia: Vienna in La Paz, La Paz in Elsewhere,” Shofar: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Jewish Studies 10.3 (2001): 6-17. Srebrnik, Henry. “Red Star over Birobidzhan: Canadian Jewish Communists and the ‘Jewish Autonomous Region’ in the Soviet Union,” Labour 44 (Fall 1999): 129-147. Tartakower, Arieh. “The Jewish Refugees: A Sociological Survey.” Jewish Social Studies, vol. 4, no. 4 (October, 1942): 311-348. Tenenbaum, Joseph. “The Crucial Year 1938.” Yad Vashem Studies 2 (1958): 49-77. Wischnitzer, Mark. “The Historical Background of the Settlement of Jewish Refugees in Santo Domingo.” Jewish Social Studies 4 no. 1 (January 1942): 45-58. Zucker, Bat-Ami. “Frances Perkins and the German-Jewish Refugee, 1933-1940.” American Jewish History 89, no. 1 (2001): 35-59. 384
APPENDICES 385
Page 1 and 2:
University of South Florida Scholar
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DEDICATION I dedicate this thesis t
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Mao Tse-Tung once w
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TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES AB
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LIST OF TABLES TABLE 1: Jewish Occu
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maintain that the conference was se
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INTRODUCTION On Rosh Hashanah it is
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The Evian Conference, the Wagner-Ro
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Part I, “The Gathering Storm,”
Page 19 and 20:
League High Commissioner Sir Neill
Page 21 and 22:
PART 1: GATHERING STORM Chapter 1
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1933, approved the Enabling Act or
Page 25 and 26:
owners and laborers and offered pol
Page 27 and 28:
The second phase of emigration was
Page 29 and 30:
derived population. An Immigrants S
Page 31 and 32:
Chapter 2 ANSCHLUSS: “The Leader
Page 33 and 34:
trust and loyalty.” Such actions
Page 35 and 36:
Victory!) and “One Reich, One Peo
Page 37 and 38:
egulations had been introduced slow
Page 39 and 40:
into the economic, cultural and pol
Page 41 and 42:
Privileges in 1624 as a ghetto and
Page 43 and 44:
converting Jewish firms into Aryan
Page 45 and 46:
from academic institutions and who
Page 47 and 48:
Vluchtelingen), claimed that the or
Page 49 and 50:
with a struggle with “cold, hardh
Page 51 and 52:
immigration of Austrian refugees at
Page 53 and 54:
those who might quite easily slip i
Page 55 and 56:
economic, labor, social and racial
Page 57 and 58:
and those “’clandestine’ fore
Page 59 and 60:
epublic; a number exceeding Austral
Page 61 and 62:
first secretary of the Embassy in W
Page 63 and 64:
argued that the failure of the Grea
Page 65 and 66:
FDR’s receptiveness to such an id
Page 67 and 68:
escue effort; a project based not o
Page 69 and 70:
Germany who had been granted perman
Page 71 and 72:
Bolivia) and 18,000 to the port of
Page 73 and 74:
anticipated (and which proved to be
Page 75 and 76:
nations Governing Body under the le
Page 77 and 78:
1933 Convention on Refugees restric
Page 79 and 80:
States…had scarcely taken any.”
Page 81 and 82:
McDonald’s relinquishment of his
Page 83 and 84:
support from private parties and, a
Page 85 and 86:
was predictable that “there was n
Page 87 and 88:
located in the spa town of Evian-Le
Page 89 and 90:
enacted a Federal program of compre
Page 91 and 92:
TABLE 5: Immigration 1851-1950 Year
Page 93 and 94:
Consequently, he recommended that R
Page 95 and 96:
attitude” the American Government
Page 97 and 98:
clearly demonstrated to the America
Page 99 and 100:
countries that would be facilitated
Page 101 and 102:
influenced by the opinion of social
Page 103 and 104:
struggle to save “human souls”
Page 105 and 106:
Germany. The Fuehrer warned that if
Page 107 and 108:
and potential candidate for the Ber
Page 109 and 110:
George Rublee, who would be later s
Page 111 and 112:
function and scope lest the Eastern
Page 113 and 114:
much emphasis would then be placed
Page 115 and 116:
Rumania and the Union of South Afri
Page 117 and 118:
attendance was declined by the Ital
Page 119 and 120:
y the Versailles Treaties. 155 The
Page 121 and 122:
served as a signpost on the road to
Page 123 and 124:
viewed the Sinai Desert, Transjorda
Page 125 and 126:
means of forcing them to leave…ha
Page 127 and 128:
the world.” 179 On January 25 the
Page 129 and 130:
and the establishment of quotas for
Page 131 and 132:
Chapter 4 “Firmly Fixed American
Page 133 and 134:
Conservative Rabbi Simon Greenberg
Page 135 and 136:
Minister Neville Chamberlain and Fo
Page 137 and 138:
kinds [left] no doubt” that the A
Page 139 and 140:
elieved that the current quota allo
Page 141 and 142:
with gentle words, to obscure the J
Page 143 and 144:
communism (which he postulated was
Page 145 and 146:
would foster “enmity and suspicio
Page 147 and 148:
Michigan Representative Clare E. Ho
Page 149 and 150:
weeks prior to the opening of the E
Page 151 and 152:
feared the “unrestricted entry”
Page 153 and 154:
no longer survives.” 65 Another F
Page 155 and 156:
position for such a small minority.
Page 157 and 158:
Some foreign circles regarded Roose
Page 159 and 160:
Banker Max Warburg opposed mass res
Page 161 and 162:
The editor of the Palestinian paper
Page 163 and 164:
offend the Jews rather than the Ara
Page 165 and 166:
the congress with little “enthusi
Page 167 and 168:
The first, the Technical Sub-Commit
Page 169 and 170:
“exemplary efficiency and dispatc
Page 171 and 172:
conference. The one remaining detai
Page 173 and 174:
working group. Consequently, they w
Page 175 and 176:
devise a “long-range program of [
Page 177 and 178:
territories on to which resettlemen
Page 179 and 180:
the Colonies and especially the Eas
Page 181 and 182:
Unlimited Jewish migration into Pal
Page 183 and 184:
The Evian Conference was not an “
Page 185 and 186:
1938 that the stability of the nati
Page 187 and 188:
Indochina or Madagascar, to the cla
Page 189 and 190:
efugees. Belgium had been a signato
Page 191 and 192:
White, however, enjoyed the backing
Page 193 and 194:
“British through and through.”
Page 195 and 196:
The Nationalist Socialist Christian
Page 197 and 198:
experience” Jewish immigration ha
Page 199 and 200:
concept. His participation represen
Page 201 and 202:
“enemy aliens” that remained in
Page 203 and 204:
hatred” comparable to German “p
Page 205 and 206:
ut approximately 39,400 Jews entere
Page 207 and 208:
hypocrisy would become readily appa
Page 209 and 210:
would “only be raising false hope
Page 211 and 212:
Jésus Maria Yepes of Columbia asse
Page 213 and 214:
“Intellectuals or traders, middle
Page 215 and 216:
elieved that Jews should not be exc
Page 217 and 218:
Administration required the present
Page 219 and 220:
problems “similar to those which
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action would occur at a “rate app
Page 223 and 224:
The delegate from Paraguay, Garcia
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humanitarian sentiments of the Evia
Page 227 and 228:
Years later, Luis Hess, a German re
Page 229 and 230:
mule and a horse. When Trujillo lat
Page 231 and 232:
Chapter 7 “Great Human Tragedy”
Page 233 and 234:
“planned” mass migration was pr
Page 235 and 236:
there were political views which ca
Page 237 and 238:
Secretariat and his avoidance of in
Page 239 and 240:
“racial persecutees” who were p
Page 241 and 242:
suitable for mass migration. Since
Page 243 and 244:
After the Anschluss the number of r
Page 245 and 246:
collusion of the Viennese police an
Page 247 and 248:
Chapter 9 Days Nine and Ten “Seri
Page 249 and 250:
system of emigration, temporary tra
Page 251 and 252:
on the refugee problem but was turn
Page 253 and 254:
ut only gradually and without utili
Page 255 and 256:
efugees whose residency permits had
Page 257 and 258:
Chapter 10 Palestine “Waste of Ti
Page 259 and 260:
attending the meeting. Chaim Weizma
Page 261 and 262:
more “fitting” locations which
Page 263 and 264:
Many governments recognized early o
Page 265 and 266:
Some sources suggested that this ra
Page 267 and 268:
130,000 slots allocated to the Germ
Page 269 and 270:
community’s call for aid to their
Page 271 and 272:
organizations] that there was “ve
Page 273 and 274:
Jewish groups themselves could not
Page 275 and 276:
that was “old, elitist [and] give
Page 277 and 278:
economic absorptive capacity of the
Page 279 and 280:
wanted to be heard, so there was no
Page 281 and 282:
Various members of the Anglo-Britis
Page 283 and 284:
tangible humanitarian actions. 61 R
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Conference represented the first in
Page 287 and 288:
A Belgian paper described the concl
Page 289 and 290:
The American Jewish Committee (AJC)
Page 291 and 292:
Embassy and how the elite of “Bri
Page 293 and 294:
anti-Semitic policies before the
Page 295 and 296:
to pass on the burden to the other.
Page 297 and 298:
significant obstacles in the paths
Page 299 and 300:
the receiving countries” but it w
Page 301 and 302:
efugees to retain sufficient resour
Page 303 and 304:
government” was faced with the Un
Page 305 and 306:
in the “political baiting and eco
Page 307 and 308:
opportunity offers.” 147 “Aside
Page 309 and 310:
later. 156 Skran asserted that the
Page 311 and 312:
…Should not the outside world be
Page 313 and 314:
Chapter 12 Intergovernmental Commit
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This committee was to operate separ
Page 317 and 318:
advised the U.S. Ambassador to Pola
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that was the genesis of the “mise
Page 321 and 322:
of extortion: Germany expected “t
Page 323 and 324:
Ultimately, the activities of the I
Page 325 and 326:
negotiate but the British and Frenc
Page 327 and 328:
were limited to “handsome speeche
Page 329 and 330:
it was the formal discussion of alt
Page 331 and 332:
summit as a means of deflecting any
Page 333 and 334:
delegate rationalized why his natio
Page 335 and 336:
into Christian society. 39 Shlomo K
Page 337 and 338:
Administration and was not averse t
Page 339 and 340:
anti-Semitic undercurrents may have
Page 341 and 342:
laws from the House and Senate by i
Page 343 and 344:
and resettle the refugees but with
Page 345 and 346: America and Africa. 69 Others have
Page 347 and 348: new domestic programs. Emphasis on
Page 349 and 350: enthusiasm for colonization schemes
Page 351 and 352: Conrad Black, one of Roosevelt’s
Page 353 and 354: nations, and, recognizing that he l
Page 355 and 356: throughout Latin America; an Americ
Page 357 and 358: Jews. The patriotic organizations s
Page 359 and 360: was to facilitate the resettlement
Page 361 and 362: eluctance or outright refusal of th
Page 363 and 364: “The boat people.” “The land
Page 365 and 366: Treves, Sir Frederick. The Lake of
Page 367 and 368: http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org
Page 369 and 370: “The Diaries of William Lyon Mack
Page 371 and 372: Estorick, Eric. “The Evian Confer
Page 373 and 374: SECONDARY SOURCES Books Abella, Irv
Page 375 and 376: the War against Nazi Germany. New Y
Page 377 and 378: Fahmeir, Andreas, Olivier Faron and
Page 379 and 380: 1972). Howard, Thomas C. and Willia
Page 381 and 382: Loescher, Gil. The UNHCR and World
Page 383 and 384: Noakes Jeremy and Geoffrey Pridham.
Page 385 and 386: CT: Greenwood Press, 2003. Spitzer,
Page 387 and 388: Wyman, David S. and Charles H. Rose
Page 389 and 390: http://isurvived.org/4Debates/Exhib
Page 391 and 392: “Palestine Office,” Jewish Virt
Page 393 and 394: “The Response of the New Zealand
Page 395: 1938.” Yad Vashem Studies 9 (1973
Page 399 and 400: Marrus (1940-45) 58,000 (Together,
Page 401 and 402: APPENDIX B ESTIMATED NUMBER OF UNAS
Page 403 and 404: Alliance israélite universelle (Pa
Page 405 and 406: 6. Welcoming heartily the initiativ
Page 407 and 408: APPENDIX E JEWISH POPULATION OF THE
Page 409 and 410: The following table shows in Swiss
Page 411: had several opportunities to addres
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