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Figure 14.1. Portrait of Ishi, August 29, 1911. From Theodora Kroeber, Ishi in Two Worlds (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1961).
358 critical reflections another native person said. White people who live and work today near Ishi’s family’s Mill Creek camp also still talk about Ishi. It seems as though he is never very far from their consciousness. “You know,” one young white man, a deer hunter, told me angrily in a general store overlooking Mill Creek where he had stopped for supplies: “They hunted Ishi just like a fox—I don’t know how they could have done that to a man like him.” After his “rescue” by Kroeber and his associates, Ishi lived out his final years (1911–16) as an assistant janitor (paid twenty-five dollars week), a key informant to A. L. Kroeber, and a “living specimen” at the museum of anthropology at the University of California, then located in San Francisco. Ishi was given his own private quarters in the museum, but his room was located next to a hall housing a large collection of human skulls and bones that appalled and depressed the Indian. During the period that Ishi lived among whites (mostly UCSF doctors and anthropologists), he served as a key anthropological informant to Kroeber, to Tom Waterman, and to other local and visiting anthropologists, including Edward Sapir of Yale University, whom Waterman accused of overworking Ishi, already weak from illness. Like thousands of other “first contact” peoples, Ishi contracted tuberculosis, an urban, white man’s disease, although his condition was not properly diagnosed until the final weeks of his life. Kroeber had anticipated and feared this outcome, as his first wife, Henriette, was carried away by this dreaded disease, then endemic in many cities of the United States, soon after Ishi arrived at the museum. Ishi finally succumbed to what was described as “galloping consumption” in March 1916 while Kroeber was away on sabbatical leave in New York City. Illiterate and unlettered, Ishi (unlike Anne Frank) did not write his own diary, but he told parts of his life story to Alfred Kroeber, who recorded those fragments by hand. Kroeber also captured on primitive wax cylinders Ishi’s rendition of Yahi myths, origin stories, and folktales. There were many things, however, that Ishi would not talk about: the death of his close relatives and his last, horrible years around Deer Creek before his decision to travel south, far beyond the normal boundaries of Yahi country. Ishi’s silence on some topics was dictated by a Yahi taboo against naming the dead. In the end, Kroeber did not write the definitive history of Ishi and his people. After the Indian’s death, Kroeber avoided talking about his friend, and he put aside for many years his materials and field notes on Ishi and Yahi culture. In her biography of A. L. Kroeber, Theodora Kroeber (1970) writes that the subject of Ishi caused her husband considerable discomfort and so was generally avoided in the Kroeber household. Perhaps Kroeber was observing the Yahi custom that forbade naming and speaking of the dead. I like to think so. But many years after these sad events, Kroeber did allow his second wife, Theodora, to use her husband as a key informant on Ishi’s last years. And so, it was Theodora Kroeber who told the story that the anthropologist could not bring himself to write, and she produced two memorable and highly literary accounts: Ishi in Two Worlds (1961) and Ishi: Last of
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Annihilating Difference
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Annihilating Difference The Anthrop
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list of figures and tables ⁄ vii
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figures and tables FIGURES 4.1. A R
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foreword Anthropologists and human
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foreword xi erful against the parti
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xiv acknowledgments My deepest grat
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2 the dark side of modernity Some o
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36 the dark side of modernity 24. M
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38 the dark side of modernity Hall,
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40 the dark side of modernity Taylo
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2 Genocide against Indigenous Peopl
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genocide against indigenous peoples
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confronting genocide of indigenous
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table 3.1 Genocides of Indigenous P
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4 Justifying Genocide Archaeology a
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justifying genocide 97 Part of the
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Figure 4.1. A Representative Bluepr
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justifying genocide 101 Figure 4.2.
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justifying genocide 103 1995:90-96)
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justifying genocide 105 accounts li
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justifying genocide 107 tions (McMa
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justifying genocide 109 USSR and Yu
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justifying genocide 111 discussion
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justifying genocide 113 Arnold, Bet
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justifying genocide 115 Ligi, Priit
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5 Scientific Racism in Service of t
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part three Annihilating Difference
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8 Averted Gaze Genocide in Bosnia-H
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part four Genocide’s Wake Trauma,
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Figure 9.5. “Self-Empowerment thr
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Figure 9.9. “Annihilate the Brown
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10 Aftermaths of Genocide Cambodian
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11 Terror, Grief, and Recovery Geno
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