Двигатели внутреннего сгорания. 2010. №2 PDF (Size:7770 МБ)

Table 3Calculations for chi-square goodness-of-fit test## I i*p ip( p* i − pi)1 0-1 0 0,000005 0,0000052 1--2 0,000595 0,000679 1,04957E-053 2--3 0,005553 0,005566 2,81096E-084 3--5 0,045617 0,04728 5,85062E-055 5--7 0,09758 0,09846 7,85931E-066 7--9 0,12495 0,12493 3,33654E-097 9--10 0,063665 0,06426 5,50533E-068 10--11 0,06188 0,06247 5,56838E-069 11--14 0,164221 0,16558 1,11614E-0510 14--17 0,125545 0,12616 2,9939E-0611 17--20 0,0952 0,09075 0,0002182412 20--25 0,1071 0,09489 0,00157121713 25--30 0,05355 0,0517 6,6212E-0514 30--35 0,02975 0,02839 6,51592E-0515 35--40 0,015867 0,01588 1,11064E-0816 40-45 0,008925 0,009085 2,82971E-06Σ 0-45 1 0,986086 0,002031122χ 2 10,24091577iРабочие процессы ДВСpi2Subjective preferences of fuel atomizationquality accordingly to the shape of the droplets sizesdistributionsAccording to the theory of fuzzy sets it is formulatedfunctions of belonging. There is an arbitrary subjectiveapproach in that portrays some personal ideasabout uncertainty. The newly developing theory ofsubjective analysis [3, 4] offers introduction of subjectivepreference functions which allows estimation in areal view the influence of psychological factors upon adecision making person.There is a formal analogy between the distributionof some preferences and distribution of probabilities,and we can use many results of the theory ofprobabilities, mathematical statistics, and the theory ofinformation, giving them, although, every time an interpretationin terms of the subjective analysis[3, p. 115].Here it is used some variation principle of themaximum of the subjective entropy of certain subjectivepreferences. The corresponding functional taken ina rather general view [3, p. 119, (3.38)]:Φπ = αH π + βε + γН , (10)where Н π – the subjective entropy; ε = ε(π, U, …) – afunction of subjective effectiveness; N – normalizingcondition; α, β, γ – structural parameters, they can beconsidered in different situations as Lagrange coefficients,weight coefficients or endogenical parameterswhich represent certain psychic properties.The optimal distribution that we get as the resultof using the variation principle has the view of:−β L L( σi)− eπ ( σi) =, (11)N−β L L( σi)ewhere π − ( σ i )ДВИГАТЕЛИ ВНУТРЕННЕГО СГОРАНИЯ 2'2010 39∑j = 1– a function of negative preferences of aσ i ;subject concerning achievable for him alternativesL( σ i ) – a function of losses («harmfulness»).When considering required for each alternativereqresources – R ( σ ) ( σ ∈ ), where – a set ofii S aachievable for a person’s goals alternatives, we have aproblem-resource situation. In every problem-resourcesituation there is its own distribution of the requiredresources. It is also there is a possibility together withthe use of absolute required resources to use normalizedresources. IfRreq=then normalized resourcesRreq( σ )i=N∑j = 1N∑RRj = 1reqreqR(σj( σ )reqi( σ )S a), (12)j. (13)We can make an assumption, thatreqreq( σ ) = R ( σ ) , or L( σ ) = R ( σ )L iiii . Then a functionof the negative preference [3, p. 127, (3.64)]req−βR( σi)− eπ ( σi) =, (14)Nreq−βR( σ j )e∑j = 1The sense of this distribution – the more the requiredresources needed for achieving the σ i alternativethe less that alternative preferable to a person.It can be chosen an exceeding value or an increaseof some disposable resources over required as afunction of positive preferences. There are two possiblevariants. Disposable resources: R , if they aredispuniversal (for example money), do not depend upon thealternative being chosen by a subject. Then the increaseisddisp reqR+ ( σi) = R − R ( σ ). iIf disposable resources are specialized, then[3, p. 127, (3.65)]ddisp reqR+ σ = R σ − R σ ). (15)( i ) ( i ) ( i