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�� Figure 4: Right column: The trajectories of vortex rings when launched at incidence angles 35 (row a), 45 (row b), and 60 degrees (row c). In each row, three separate launches are shown, represented from right to left by triangles, squares and circles. Left column: The depth dependence of log(A/F ) for each vortex launch. 6 ��
Vortex ring reflection. Similarly, the right column of Fig. 5 depicts representative trajectories for vortex rings launched at larger incidence angles: θi = 72 (row a) and 82 degrees (row b). And the left column depicts the corresponding depth dependence of A/F . Notice that at each incidence angle, the rapidly moving vortices (squares and circles) penetrate the interface. But the slowly moving vortex (triangles) is reflected from the interface. Also, in row (a), the reflected vortex exhibits one cycle of damped oscillations prior to disintegrating. This is likely due to entrainment of the surrounding fluid, which leads to alternating upward and downward forces on the ring. �� Figure 5: Right column: Trajectories for vortex rings when launched at incidence angles 72 (row a) and 82 degrees (row b). Left column: The depth dependence of log(A/F ) for each vortex launch. A summary of the dimensionless quantities calculated from the trajectory data represented by various symbols in Figs. 4 and 5 is provided in Tab. 1. There, the listed values of the dimensionless length scale, w/l, Froude number, F and interface strength, A/F , indicate their values an instant before the vortex ring strikes the interface. The refraction angle is only provided in cases where refraction is clearly discernible. As revealed in the final two columns of Tab. 1, a simplistic application of the law of refraction cannot account for the data. In particular, the ratio of the sines of the angles of incidence and refraction differs significantly from the ratio of the average values of the velocities measured above, and below the interface. On the one hand, it may seem intuitively clear that a vortex ring would experience refraction when striking an interface. After all, it is an extended structure, the different components of which can travel at different velocities, similar to a wavefront. On the other hand, a theory of vortex ring refraction would likely need to account for vortex ring tension, which offers resistance to deformation of its structure. A generalized form of the law of refraction may also need to explicitly incorporate the Froude and Atwood numbers, or a ratio of the two. 7 ��
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Space Grant Consortium wisconsin UN
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THE CASSINI ENCOUNTER WITH THE GEM
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Th he proceedinngs of our 199th Ann
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Wisconsin Space Grant Consortium Un
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Part 3: NASA Reduced Gravity Progra
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EAA Women Soar - You Soar, Lee Siud
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Elijah High Altitude Balloon Projec
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Our experience with the HALO II lau
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which had been a problem in the pas
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Figure 6: 3-D GPS Generated Track o
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Results The seeds tested in the lab
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hour as we assumed the flight in th
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Experimental Results There are two
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A series of tests were done in a co
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380 360 340 320 23.3 Temp. (Celsius
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First Place, Non-Engineering: Schmi
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of the basis for fin designs came f
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ejection charge from the motor fire
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using rip-stop nylon cloth. To atta
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Post-flight recovery. A field searc
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Thus, it is believed that the main
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[2] Public Missiles Ltd. Frequently
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Design Features The chief requireme
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The joint between the dart and the
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Area dramatically influenced by flo
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Altitude [ft] 6000 5000 4000 3000 2
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though a strong crosswind was prese
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Our Design Our rocket uses the basi
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e easily recovered. Bong recreation
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Performance Characteristics of Pred
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Background and Context: Student Roc
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The Rocky Mountain Miners’ compet
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19th Annual Conference Part Three N
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The angle of repose of a granular m
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Experiment Design The experiment co
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on the ground and in the Weightless
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measurements for the 1 − g data.
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[ImageJ, 2008] Image Analysis Softw
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Dynamics Characterization of the El
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Figure 1 - A calibration equation f
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Wire A secondary investigation into
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[1] Taminger, K. M. B.; and Hafley,
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Introduction The analysis of wake v
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Figure 2: Screen I mage o f G UI. T
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References ¹ Burnham, D.C., and Ha
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Validation of Novel Rigid Body Fric
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forces is implemented in the popula
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Figure 2. CAD representation of a t
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Results Figure 5. Assembled hydraul
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References Anitescu, M. (2006). "Op
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Multi-stage Joule-Thomson cycles ar
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significant change in total compres
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The enthalpy (h3) of the 2 nd stage
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UA m� ⎛ ε −1 ⎞ ( c nd c st
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educed, the temperature range that
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7. Lemmon, E. W.; Huber, M. L.; McL
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Throughout each of the run cycles,
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and heater adjusted to accommodate
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Phaeton Mast Dynamics Mechanical Sy
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exposure to the FEMAP with NASTRAN
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The irregularity in the plots above
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inversion of a particular matrix, t
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clarified. Additionally, the PMD ki
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A. Abstract For hardware to be flig
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should be performed at the JWST obs
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B. Attenuation and Uncertainty Shoc
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Detector Array and ROIC SCA Mount L
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Detector Shock Environment The leve
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Orbiter (MRO), Moon Mineralogy Mapp
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4. NASA JPL. MIRI FOCAL PLANE SYSTE
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Is Lake Superior a significant sour
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each grid cell at daily resolution.
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Figure 3. (a) Seasonal cycle of lak
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Figure 5. Model pCO2 at the surface
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Marshall, J., A. Adcroft, C. Hill,
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numerical weather prediction (NWP)
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High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR)
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On the morning of 26 May 2008, ther
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References Behnke, C., 2005: Synopt
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Figure 3 Figure 3 contains base ref
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A Comparative Study of Type IIb Sup
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Fig. 3.— Cartoon Image of SN blas
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Fig. 4.— Light curve of SN 2008bo
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Page 197 and 198: Radio  measurements  of  supe
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Page 203: References Chevalier, R. A., “Int
Page 207 and 208: Computational Fluid Dynamical Model
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Page 211 and 212: Figure 3: Experimental results (•
Page 213 and 214: direction results in the terminal s
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Page 218 and 219: concentrated our effort specificall
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Page 222 and 223: Properties of the GEM problem Recon
Page 224 and 225: Figure 1: Increase in reconnection
Page 226 and 227: Figure 3: Examples of agreement of
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Page 231 and 232: Experimental Procedure The left han
Page 233: frames in the upper left corner, wh
Page 237: References L Bernal and J Kwon. Vor
Page 240 and 241: group started in 1997 with the goal
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Page 248 and 249: Research. Washington, DC: Pan Ameri
Page 250 and 251: Our team has two goals: 1. To put S
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Page 258 and 259: Cacti Experiment 18 has produced 10
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Page 265 and 266: Abstract Toxic Offgassing Analysis
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Page 269 and 270: Tables 4 and 5 show offgassing comp
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Page 274 and 275: eneficiation reagents. Ionic liquid
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Page 279 and 280: Abstract New Initiatives in the Pro
Page 281 and 282: was noticed above the gel. A discol
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and A. Y. Rozanov, Eds., SPIE, Vol.
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Combining Writing Across the Curric
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But the study also reported a consi
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Educators’ Aerospace Workshop for
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2008-2009 Evaluation Educators’ A
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Some comments from participants 200
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The cost of a one credit graduate c
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EAA WOMEN SOAR - YOU SOAR Dr. Lee J
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� Incorporated the technology res
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Evaluation Results: At the conclusi
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Educational Standards: The National
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curriculum development, to provide
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and applications of GIS technology
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• A significant new outcome for t
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The design of this project and appl
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Activities at the workshop involved
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to give our students a series of PR
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In the past we have not focused on
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Providing High School Students with
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that th e current generations of s
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instruction a s pa rt o f t heir ow
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Wisconsin Space Grant Consortium &
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11:45-1:00 pm Lunch *** Concurrent
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Moderator: David B lock, A ssociate
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Second Place, E ngineering, Drew an
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Wisconsin Space Grant Consortium
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Space Grant Consortium - University of Wisconsin - Green Bay

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