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domains of use are mostly complementary, but also partially overlapping. I propose a combination of historical and universalfunctional clues to their development in terms of what DeLancey 2001 refers to as a ‘functional sink’. A functional sink represents acase where languages--or, rather, speakers--need a way of coding a particular function and, in the absence of a mechanism dedicatedspecifically to the purpose, co-opt from the available grammatical resources to fill this functional need.Tim Thornes (University of Oregon) Session 102Comitative, coordinating, & inclusory constructions in Northern PaiuteThe comitative construction in Northern Paiute is used not only with typical associative semantics expressing accompaniment but alsofor noun phrase coordination more generally (without the requisite associative semantics) and in inclusory constructions. Inclusoryconstructions have not been widely discussed in North American languages. A typical inclusory construction is one in which aninclusory pronominal form, whether independent or dependent, "identifies a set of participants that includes the one or those referredto by the lexical noun phrase" (F. Lichtenberk, Oceanic Linguistics 39:1-32, 2000). The foci are the syntactic restrictions on theinclusory construction in Northern Paiute and its pragmatic function(s).Rosalind Thornton (Macquarie University) Session 26Graciela Tesan (Macquarie University)Models of parameter settingWe compare the properties of two alternative parameter setting models: Yang's variational model (2002, 2004) and the 'structuredacquisition' model, based on Baker 2001, 2005. The variational model assumes children have both parameter values availableinitially, with statistical learning gradually deciding between the alternatives. Baker's hierarchical model is a triggering model thatanticipates possible mis-set parameters and sharp grammatical change. The predictions of the two models are evaluated usingempirical data from four 2-year-old English-speaking children in the throes of acquiring negation, which is taken to varyparametrically in its status as a head or a specifier.Sam Tilsen (University of California, Berkeley) Session 54Rhythmic patterns in 3-cycle repetition disfluency: A harmonic timing effectI present evidence from corpus data of a harmonic timing effect in 3-cycle repetitions of the function words and and I. The phasedistribution of the second syllable P-center (defined relative to the P-centers of the first and third syllables) is trimodal in a slowspeechsubset of data, with modes approximating the low-order harmonic ratios 1/3, 1/2, and 2/3. I argue that a task-dynamiccoupled-oscillator model can account for the harmonic modes of the phase distribution and for why trimodality is observed only inslow-speech.Naoko Tomioka (University of Quebec, Montreal) Session 13The object of resultative constructions in English, German, & JapaneseResearch on English resultative constructions has derived two hypotheses concerning the object in these constructions. In onehypothesis, the object is both the argument of the verb and of the result-denoting predicate. In the other, the relation between the verband the object is assumed to be superficial--the object is simply the argument of the result-denoting predicate. There is a dispute overthe weight of empirical evidence supporting one of the hypotheses over the other. I compare German and Japanese and show thatresultative constructions come in two types, supporting the co-existence of the two hypotheses.Judith Tonhauser (Ohio State University) Session 94Temporal interpretation in Guarani: The effect of telicity & durativityIn Guarani discourse, many predicates are unmarked, i.e., they are not realized with grammatical aspect markers or temporal adverbs.(I argued in previous work that Paraguayan Guarani is a tenseless language.) Based on data collected during recent fieldwork, Ipropose that central factors in the temporal interpretation of unmarked predicates are telicity and durativity. The proposal is based ontwo studies--a consultant-based study in which I examined the effect of telicity and durativity on the temporal reference of 50predicates and a study of the interpretation of unmarked predicates in a naturally occurring discourse. I emphasize the importance ofAktionsart for temporal interpretation and situate Guarani among the set of languages for which telicity plays a role in temporalinterpretation, together with, e.g. German (Bohnemeyer 1998) and Inuktitut (Swift 2004)).168