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and hand movements. (2) Braille characters requiring use of nonhomologous finger combinations are overrepresented among errors.(3) English literary Braille employs an obligatory set of logograms and language-specific short forms for frequently-occurring lettercombinations. Errors demonstrate that these contractions are stored as part of the orthographic representation rather than beingproduced by rule.Adam Werle (University of Massachusetts, Amherst/University of Victoria) Session 106Second-position clitics & second-position suffixes in Southern WakashanIn the Southern Wakashan languages, one finds both 2P enclitics--inflections that follow the first word of a predicate--and 2P suffixes--verbs that follow the first word of their complement. By the local spellout analysis (Wojdak 2005) both are spelled out at everybranching node, bottom-up, so that both suffixes and enclitics follow the nearest prosodic word of their syntactic complement. Thiscontradicts the interface constraint approach (Selkirk 1995), by which clisis results from general constraints on prosodic wordalignment. I show that the interface constraint approach is supported by phonological, morphological, and syntactic differencesbetween suffixes and enclitics.Adam Werle (University of Massachusetts, Amherst/University of Victoria) Session 47Three approaches to Serbo-Croatian second-position clitic reorderingI assume that Serbo-Croatian second-position enclitics (2PCs) are derived during syntax, but when stranded without a host, theirenclisis is ensured by some PF reordering. Under prosodic inversion, 2PCs invert with a following word. Unconstrained, however,this splits some constituents ungrammatically. Under copy selection, 2PCs' highest parseable derivational copies are pronounced.However, this cannot capture cases where 2PCs split constituents not plausibly split by syntactic movement. I argue for host raising:A host raises to precede 2PCs. Host raising is prosodically motivated, so it induces reorderings unattested in syntax; yet as movement,it obeys constraints against splitting certain constituents.Laura Whitton (Stanford University) Session 13The function of English contrastive reduplication: Evidence from homonymsContrastive reduplication (CR) in English has been characterized as narrowing the extension of a lexical item to an intensified orprototypical meaning. However, a corpus analysis reveals that CRs do not always point to a less or more central category membersince the interpretations being contrasted may be related by sound only, as in I mean a baseball bat not a bat bat. Previous accountsdo not predict the occurrence of such homonym tokens, which reveal that CR requires an explanation that is more context-dependentand pragmatic in nature than analyses centered around conceptual structure have suggested.Thomas R. Wier (University of Chicago) Session 8Feature geometry & the morphosyntax of Algonquian languagesAlgonquian languages are perhaps best known for two features of their morphosyntax: their extensive verbal polysynthesis and theinversion systems found throughout the family. I focus on the latter property: Where does hierarchicality come from, and how do weexplain apparent variation of feature hierarchies even within particular languages in the form of global vs local hierarchies? I use amodified version of Harley and Ritter’s (2002) morphosyntactic feature geometry and discuss to what extent feature hierarchies suchas person and grammatical class can be derived therefrom.Andrea Wilhelm (University of Victoria) Session 94Classificatory verbs & countabilityIn the Athapaskan language Dëne Suliné (Chipewyan), classificatory verbs--verbs specifying shape, consistency, and number ofentities--interact with the countability of nouns in interesting ways: Countable nouns (those denoting discrete entities) are compatiblewith numerals and with appropriate single-object classificatory verbs while mass-denoting nouns are compatible with neither.However, some nouns are compatible with single-object verbs but not with numerals. My explanation for this unexpected patterninvolves the claim that there is a universal conceptual category of ‘object-mass nouns’. This implies that the singular-only behaviorof nouns like English furniture is conceptually based and not an accident of grammatical number.Heather Willson (University of California, Los Angeles) Session 33Restructuring & subject position in MarshalleseMarshallese infinitival sentences, like Marshallese mono-clausal sentences, allow the subject to surface in a variety of sentential173