Sunday, 7 JanuarySymposium<strong>America</strong>n Vowel Phonology and African <strong>America</strong>n EthnicityCalifornia C9:00 AM – 12:00 PMOrganizers:Sponsors:Malcah Yaeger-Dror (University <strong>of</strong> Arizona)Erik R. Thomas (North Carolina State University)Committee on Ethnic Diversity in <strong>Linguistic</strong>s, <strong>America</strong>n Dialect <strong>Society</strong>, and <strong>Linguistic</strong> <strong>Society</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>America</strong> toHonor Walt Wolfram. To Appear as a Publication <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>America</strong>n Dialect <strong>Society</strong>.Participants: Bridget L. Anderson (Old Dominion University) Christine Mallinson (University <strong>of</strong>Claire Andres (University <strong>of</strong> Georgia)(Maryland, Baltimore County)Angus Bowers (North Carolina State University)Jennifer G. Nguyen (University <strong>of</strong> Michigan)Jeannine Carpenter (Duke University)Thea Strand (University <strong>of</strong> Arizona)Becky Childs (Memorial University, Newfoundland) Ben Torbert (Mississippi State University)Robin Dodsworth (University <strong>of</strong> Maryland, College Park) Rachel Votta (University <strong>of</strong> Georgia)Sylvie Dubois (Louisiana State University)Michael Wroblewski (University <strong>of</strong> Arizona)David Durian (Ohio State University)This symposium compares <strong>the</strong> vowel quality <strong>of</strong> local African <strong>America</strong>n English (AAE) and <strong>the</strong> adjacent white vernaculars in sixregions. Participants provide such comparisons for rural areas <strong>of</strong> Louisiana, Mississippi, and North Carolina, and for urban areas <strong>of</strong>Michigan, Georgia, and Ohio.AAE is fraught with controversies. Some, such as its adequacy as a linguistic system and its distinctiveness from white vernaculars,have been resolved, at least among linguistic scholars. Two o<strong>the</strong>rs, <strong>the</strong> creolist/anglicist controversy (about <strong>the</strong> origin <strong>of</strong> AAE) and<strong>the</strong> divergence/convergence controversy (about its current development with regard to white vernaculars) are unresolved but longestablished.However, a new controversy, which might be called <strong>the</strong> ‘uniformity controversy’, asks whe<strong>the</strong>r AAE exhibits a set <strong>of</strong>nationwide norms to which African <strong>America</strong>ns across <strong>the</strong> country aspire or if it shows diverse norms. This symposium focuses on <strong>the</strong>uniformity controversy.We show that while African <strong>America</strong>ns throughout <strong>the</strong> U.S. are influenced by <strong>the</strong>ir local region, determining whe<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong>y show acommon set <strong>of</strong> norms is a nuanced undertaking. Target variables include (ai), as in bite or bide; <strong>the</strong> pin/pen and cot/caught mergers;fronting <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> boot, boat, but, and book vowels; raising <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> bat, bet, and bit vowels; realization <strong>of</strong> pre-r vowels; and ‘r-fulness’ or‘rhoticity’, i.e., production <strong>of</strong> r in those words as an r sound, as schwa, or completely lost. Each student presenter is working with acorpus developed according to a uniform set <strong>of</strong> rules, and all vowels are analyzed following a shared set <strong>of</strong> rules for formantmeasurement in order to insure compatibility and comparability.Vowel configurations <strong>of</strong> white vernaculars in <strong>the</strong> U.S. have undergone extensive study (see especially Kurath & McDavid 1961;Thomas 2001; Labov, Ash, & Boberg 2006), but AAE vowels have been omitted (Kurath, McDavid), studied fragmentarily (Labov etal.), studied for only part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> country (Thomas), or examined only in local studies (Wolfram & Thomas 2002, Fridland 2003).Scholarship on AAE has concentrated on morphosyntactic and a few consonantal variables. Never<strong>the</strong>less, vowels are well-suited foranalyses <strong>of</strong> social variation. Acoustic measurement techniques for vowels have undergone extensive refinement, far more than thosesuch as consonantal variables, prosodic variation, and voice quality variation. In addition, sufficient tokens can be collected frommost corpora, unlike comparatively rare morphosyntactic and lexical variables. They thus provide an ideal means <strong>of</strong> investigating <strong>the</strong>uniformity controversy and <strong>the</strong> related question <strong>of</strong> whe<strong>the</strong>r regional variation in AAE is dependent on or independent <strong>of</strong> variation inadjacent white vernaculars.Claire Andres (University <strong>of</strong> Georgia)Rachel Votta (University <strong>of</strong> Georgia)AAE & Anglo vowels in a suburb <strong>of</strong> Atlanta93
We discuss <strong>the</strong> analysis <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> vowels <strong>of</strong> five African <strong>America</strong>n speakers as compared with <strong>the</strong> vowels <strong>of</strong> five Anglo speakers fromRoswell, GA. The analysis suggests that <strong>the</strong> vowel phonology <strong>of</strong> AA speakers, while sharing local dialect features, has developedalong slightly different lines than those <strong>of</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r residents. We compare <strong>the</strong> vowel phonology <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se groups with those <strong>of</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r areasdiscussed in <strong>the</strong> symposium and with <strong>the</strong> vowel phonology for <strong>the</strong> region presented in Labov, Ash, and Boberg 2006.Becky Childs (Memorial University, Newfoundland)Christine Mallinson (University <strong>of</strong> Maryland, Baltimore County)Jeannine Carpenter (Duke University)Angus Bowers (North Carolina State University)AAE & EAE vowels across North CarolinaWe analyze /ai/, /o/, and o<strong>the</strong>r salient vowels for approximately 35 black residents <strong>of</strong> two Appalachian and two coastal North Carolinacommunities. Comparing <strong>the</strong>ir vowel phonology to <strong>the</strong> regional koinés, we find <strong>the</strong> black speakers participate in local phonologicalpatterns although this accommodation is subtly affected by a range <strong>of</strong> social and stylistic factors. We compare <strong>the</strong> vowel phonology<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se North Carolina groups with o<strong>the</strong>r groups in <strong>the</strong> symposium and with <strong>the</strong> vowel phonology for <strong>the</strong> region (Labov et al. 2006).Ben Torbert (Mississippi State University)Phonological variation in East Central MississippiOutside <strong>of</strong> Pedersen 1991 and LAGS, Mississippi constitutes a relatively underinvestigated territory within sou<strong>the</strong>rn <strong>America</strong>nEnglish. I present findings from 2006 interviews conducted primarily in Neshoba County, situated in <strong>the</strong> low hills <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> east centralportion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> state and characterized by a tri-ethnic social divide (Whites, African-<strong>America</strong>ns, and Choctaws). Though technicallywithin <strong>the</strong> Appalachian Regional Development zone, <strong>the</strong> area is located transitionally between <strong>the</strong> Pine Belt in sou<strong>the</strong>rn Mississippiand nor<strong>the</strong>astern counties currently more associated culturally with Appalachia. I compare <strong>the</strong>se speakers' vowel phonology witho<strong>the</strong>rs in <strong>the</strong> South and elsewhere (Labov et al. 2006).Thea Strand (University <strong>of</strong> Arizona)Michael Wroblewski (University <strong>of</strong> Arizona)Sylvie Dubois (Louisiana State University)African <strong>America</strong>n & non-African <strong>America</strong>n vowels in cajun countryWe analyze <strong>the</strong> vowels and vowel-r combinations for approximately 20 residents <strong>of</strong> cajun communities. Half <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se speakers areAfrican <strong>America</strong>n [+AA] and half non-African <strong>America</strong>n [-AA]. Comparing those phonologies, we find <strong>the</strong> +AA speakers' vowelsare only subtly influenced by <strong>the</strong>ir accommodation to supralocal AA target phonology; this is consistent with evidence from syntacticchange in this community. We compare both vowel phonologies with o<strong>the</strong>r phonologies analyzed for <strong>the</strong> symposium and with that <strong>of</strong>speakers discussed in <strong>the</strong> Labov et al. 2006.Robin Dodsworth (University <strong>of</strong> Maryland, College Park)David Durian (Ohio State University)Convergence in urban Columbus AAVE & EAE vowel systemsAlthough <strong>the</strong> Columbus, OH, metropolitan area has grown increasingly segregated by ethnicity, particularly between African<strong>America</strong>n and European <strong>America</strong>n residents, analysis <strong>of</strong> local vowel systems suggests <strong>the</strong> beginning <strong>of</strong> convergence between urbanspeakers <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> two ethnicities. Acoustic analysis <strong>of</strong> 60 speakers' vowel systems shows urban vs suburban residence to have a strongerdifferentiating effect--in particular on <strong>the</strong> back diphthongs /ou/ and /au/--than ethnicity, particularly among speakers under 30. Wecompare <strong>the</strong> results with those from <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r geographic areas discussed in this symposium and with <strong>the</strong> description for Columbusvowels in Labov et al. 2006.Bridget L. Anderson (Old Dominion University)Jennifer G. Nguyen (University <strong>of</strong> Michigan)A comparison <strong>of</strong> African <strong>America</strong>n & White vowel patterns in <strong>America</strong>'s most segregated cityMuch research has examined <strong>the</strong> vowels <strong>of</strong> African <strong>America</strong>n speakers in Detroit, but no analysis has compared <strong>the</strong>ir vowel patternsto those <strong>of</strong> Detroit Whites. Given <strong>the</strong> marked racial segregation <strong>of</strong> metropolitan Detroit, greater than in nearly any o<strong>the</strong>r U.S. city, it isimportant to investigate <strong>the</strong> linguistic connections <strong>the</strong>se groups share. We provide a detailed acoustic analysis <strong>of</strong> eight vowels foreight White and eight African <strong>America</strong>n Detroiters. Each sample is equally divided by gender and social status, allowing us toexamine <strong>the</strong> similarities and differences between <strong>the</strong>se two ethnic groups and o<strong>the</strong>r AA communities nationwide.94
- Page 1:
MEETING HANDBOOKLINGUISTIC SOCIETY
- Page 5 and 6:
Meeting RoomsSECOND FLOORFOURTH FLO
- Page 7:
• LSA: Business Meeting and Award
- Page 11 and 12:
LSAThursday, 4 JanuaryEveningWelcom
- Page 13 and 14:
Friday MorningLSAConstructions and
- Page 15 and 16:
LSAFriday, 5 JanuaryAfternoonInvite
- Page 17 and 18:
Friday AfternoonLSAModeling Acquisi
- Page 19 and 20:
LSARules for Motions and Resolution
- Page 24 and 25:
LSASaturday AfternoonSymposium: Par
- Page 26 and 27:
LSASaturday AfternoonSyntactic Face
- Page 28 and 29: LSASunday MorningFirst Language Acq
- Page 30 and 31: American Dialect SocietyThursday, 4
- Page 32 and 33: ADSSaturday, 6 JanuaryMorningSessio
- Page 34 and 35: American Name SocietyThursday, 4 Ja
- Page 36 and 37: ANSFriday AfternoonForms of Address
- Page 38 and 39: ANSSaturday AfternoonHistorical Ono
- Page 40 and 41: Society for Pidgin and Creole Lingu
- Page 42 and 43: SPCLSaturday, 6 JanuaryMorningSpeci
- Page 44 and 45: Society for the Study of the Indige
- Page 46 and 47: SSILAFriday AfternoonPhonology and
- Page 48 and 49: SSILASunday, 7 JanuaryMorningSemant
- Page 50 and 51: Part 1: Thursday, 4 JanuaryPart 2:
- Page 52 and 53: Donca Steriade (Massachusetts Insti
- Page 54 and 55: Friday, 5 JanuaryPlenary AddressCal
- Page 56: Saturday, 6 JanuaryPresidential Add
- Page 59 and 60: Thursday, 4 JanuaryTutorialA Field
- Page 61 and 62: Thursday, 4 JanuarySymposiumContinu
- Page 63 and 64: Friday, 5 JanuarySymposiumApproache
- Page 65 and 66: Friday, 5 JanuaryDigital Poster Ses
- Page 67 and 68: Stephen R. Anderson (Yale Universit
- Page 69 and 70: David Bowie (University of Central
- Page 71 and 72: Sharon Peperkamp (CNRS/University o
- Page 73 and 74: Elena Guerzoni (University of South
- Page 75 and 76: Claire Bowern (Rice University)Morp
- Page 77: Lise Dobrin (University of Virginia
- Page 81 and 82: Brian Agbayani (California State Un
- Page 83 and 84: squiggly shapes). Disfluency made n
- Page 85 and 86: Adam Baker (University of Arizona)
- Page 87 and 88: final particle; this structure enco
- Page 89 and 90: Travis G. Bradley (University of Ca
- Page 91 and 92: demonstrated that 2-year-olds map n
- Page 93 and 94: Nancy J. Caplow (University of Cali
- Page 95 and 96: Sarah Churng (University of Washing
- Page 97 and 98: Jennifer Culbertson (Johns Hopkins
- Page 99 and 100: Scott Drellishak (University of Was
- Page 101 and 102: Marc Ettlinger (University of Calif
- Page 103 and 104: Scherre 2001 argue that the phenome
- Page 105 and 106: Cynthia A. Fox (University at Alban
- Page 107 and 108: structures to the double object con
- Page 109 and 110: Steven Gross (East Tennessee State
- Page 111 and 112: Heidi Harley (University of Arizona
- Page 113 and 114: equivalents. I argue that their sim
- Page 115 and 116: predictable, and/or restricted in d
- Page 117 and 118: Keith Johnson (University of Arizon
- Page 119 and 120: Andrew Kehler (University of Califo
- Page 121 and 122: comparative rate of acquisition acr
- Page 123 and 124: Pei-Jung Kuo (University of Connect
- Page 125 and 126: EunHee Lee (University at Buffalo,
- Page 127 and 128: Brook Danielle Lillehaugen (Univers
- Page 129 and 130:
Martha J. Macri (University of Cali
- Page 131 and 132:
Spanish subjects with unaccusative
- Page 133 and 134:
Brad Montgomery-Anderson (Universit
- Page 135 and 136:
multi-ethnic configuration, and pos
- Page 137 and 138:
Natalie Operstein (University of Ca
- Page 139 and 140:
Nick Pharris (University of Michiga
- Page 141 and 142:
Anastasia Riehl (Cornell University
- Page 143 and 144:
Françoise Rose (CNRS-IRD) Session
- Page 145 and 146:
precedence also constrains stative
- Page 147 and 148:
use experimental and corpus techniq
- Page 149 and 150:
eads easily for astrophysicists.).
- Page 151 and 152:
domains of use are mostly complemen
- Page 153 and 154:
show that both concatenative and no
- Page 155 and 156:
Don Walicek (University of Puerto R
- Page 157 and 158:
positions. However, certain matrix
- Page 159 and 160:
Suwon Yoon (University of Chicago)