2011 The Palm Beach County Family Study (Full Report)

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Access to Support by TGAFigure 5 shows perceptions of support over time by TGA. Every year, mothers in the Glades were morelikely to report finding access to support to be either “very easy” or “somewhat easy,” when comparedwith their counterparts outside of the Glades. Across all 5 years, more than three-fourths of mothers in theGlades were more likely to report “very easy” or “somewhat easy” access to getting help with houseworkor caring for children. In most cases, however, the percentage of mothers outside the Glades reporting thislevel of access was 10 to 20 percentage points lower. One factor in these geographic differences may bethat families in the Glades appear to be less mobile (see chapter 2); thus, even though this area may havemore “risk” characteristics than do other areas, the level of perceived social support is higher. Becausefamilies are not moving and have lived longer in the Glades, mothers may have more family and friendsaccessible to them as well as more knowledge of community supports and services.Figure 5. Access to Support by TGA over Time aa Data were weighted to account for the oversampling of mothers in the Glades and mothers assessed “at risk.”b Based on a 5-point scale: “Very Easy,” “Somewhat Easy,” “Between Hard and Easy,” “Somewhat Hard,” and “Very Hard.”This table combines the “Very” and “Somewhat Easy” responses.Chi-square tests indicate differences are statistically significant at *p < .05, **p < .01, or ***p < .001.Chapin Hall at the University of Chicago 83
SummaryMothers in the fifth year continued to voice high satisfaction with the level of informal support theyreceive. Consistent with previous years, if the mothers had husbands/partners, they most often receivedsupport from them, although the mean level of support from husbands and partners was higher in year 5than in year 4. Otherwise, the mothers relied primarily on their family, especially siblings and mothers orstepmothers. In addition to family members, the mothers depended on friends for support. The meansupport score based on the mothers’ reports of help received from family and friends in the fifth year wassignificantly higher in the fifth year compared to the fourth year; on average, the fifth-year score washigher than it was in the first year. In addition, we also saw a decline in the frequency with which somekinds of support were provided by husbands/partners, other family members, and friends.In year 5, more (18%) mothers reported that they never received any advice on children or householdproblems as compared to the previous 3 years of the study (6% in year 2, 4% in year 3, and 6% in year 4).With regard to money, food, or clothing, far fewer mothers (50%) in year 5 reported that they neverreceived any assistance in this area as compared to the first 4 years of the study (74% in year 1, 67% inyear 2, 72% in year 3, and 75% in year 4). The mothers’ perceptions of their access to social support,regardless of source, fluctuated over time, and we are not able to discern any significant patterns.As described in Spielberger et al. (2009), the qualitative data suggest a variety of reasons for trends (andlack thereof) over time. Sometimes relatives are no longer able to help with childcare or turn out to beunreliable caregivers, so mothers have to find other sources of help. Over time, if they can afford it,mothers living with relatives or friends increasingly try to set up households of their own—although theymay continue to share resources, such as childcare and Food Stamps. As their children grow, somemothers convey an increasing desire to be independent. They also express more confidence in theirparenting abilities, and, although respondents’ mothers remain an important source of information andsupport, sample mothers appear to be turning more to doctors, teachers, and other nonfamily forinformation and support than they did when their children were younger.Chapin Hall at the University of Chicago 84
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FifthMarciaGouvêa2011
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AcknowledgmentsThis fifth report of
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Chapin Hall at the University of Ch
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List of TablesTable 1. Components o
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Table 58. Logistic Regression of Mo
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Table C- 24. Mothers’ Baseline an
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• In addition, we observed a pote
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kind of out-of-home educational exp
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IntroductionOver the last three dec
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eadiness and school success and in
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The study’s comprehensive, longit
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Table 2. Characteristics of Mothers
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The Year 5 Study SampleTable 4 show
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Household Structure, Employment, an
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Although mothers continued to repor
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Table 6. Family Income and Economic
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Specifically, mothers living outsid
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at the birth of the focal child tha
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Table 10. Reasons for Transportatio
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Health, Healthcare, and ChildDevelo
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two years of the study. In year 1 1
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Subsequent Pregnancies and Prenatal
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Children’s HealthcareMost (80%) o
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private plans or HMOs increased sig
Page 52 and 53: outside the TGAs to report that all
Page 54 and 55: Children’s Behavior and Developme
Page 56 and 57: cultural norms regarding what sorts
Page 58 and 59: Table 21. Emerging Pre-academic Ski
Page 60 and 61: the year 5 interview, over three-qu
Page 62: various activities, mothers reporte
Page 66 and 67: Negative Parenting PracticesThere i
Page 68 and 69: Table 28. Fathers’ Negative Paren
Page 70 and 71: Table 30. Parent Involvement Activi
Page 72 and 73: Table 32. Mothers’ Positive Paren
Page 74 and 75: Table 34. Mothers’ Parent Involve
Page 76 and 77: The most frequent parent involvemen
Page 78 and 79: Figure 3. Primary Childcare Arrange
Page 80 and 81: for 6 months, but when the subsidy
Page 82 and 83: ecause it is of particular interest
Page 84 and 85: types of care between mothers whose
Page 86 and 87: Table 40. Characteristics of Mother
Page 88 and 89: Table 41). Of the 204 children, 91
Page 90 and 91: commented on their children’s nee
Page 92 and 93: nonparental childcare arrangement f
Page 94 and 95: Informal and Community SupportAn un
Page 96 and 97: Table 46. Frequency of Husband/Part
Page 98 and 99: We also asked the mothers about the
Page 100 and 101: Table 49. Type of Family/Friends Su
Page 104 and 105: Use of Formal ServicesA central que
Page 106 and 107: Correlates of At-Risk StatusA large
Page 108 and 109: services after 6 months. Among the
Page 110 and 111: Enhanced ServicesEnhanced services
Page 112 and 113: Termination of MCHP ServicesAs prev
Page 114 and 115: services were fairly stable, althou
Page 116 and 117: languages. The fact that more mothe
Page 118 and 119: In interpreting these results, it s
Page 120 and 121: Overall, mothers reported seeking h
Page 122 and 123: We found that in years 2 and 3, aft
Page 124 and 125: We also found that mothers tended t
Page 126 and 127: variables that could potentially be
Page 128 and 129: significant levels of stress. Paren
Page 130 and 131: positive parenting items and 5 nega
Page 132 and 133: friend/neighbor/other), which were
Page 134 and 135: Table 60. Logistic Regression of Ch
Page 140 and 141: County in either fall 2009 or fall
Page 142 and 143: Figure 6. Percent of Focal Children
Page 144 and 145: Next, we conducted logistic regress
Page 146 and 147: Table 68. Selected Maternal and Chi
Page 148 and 149: R 2 .180*p < .05, **p < .01, or ***
Page 150 and 151: SummarySimilar to previous analyses
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less than a high school education,
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Parenting PracticesWhen surveyed in
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We also looked at the stability of
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Service Use, Maternal Functioning,
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Conclusions and ImplicationsMore th
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Meanwhile, our findings indicate th
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literacy skills, families who do no
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BibliographyAbidin, R. R. (1995). P
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Dinan, K. A. (2005a). Federal polic
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Leventhal, T., Brooks-Gunn, J., McC
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Weisner, T. S. (1984). A cross-cult
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What are pathways to service use? W
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Table A- 1. FOCiS Codes for MCHP Se
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Table A- 2. Interview Study Samplin
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Table A- 3. Household Survey Topics
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Table A- 5. Reasons for Sample Attr
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we sought to identify the ecologica
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Table B- 2. Characteritics of TGA M
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Figure B- 1. Characteristics of Mot
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Figure B- 5. Percentage of PBC Moth
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Table B- 5. Logistic Regression Pre
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Table B- 7. Characteristics of TGA
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Table B- 9. Logistic Regression Pre
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Type of Enhanced Service2009N% of M
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Table B- 12. Logistic Regression Pr
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Numberof BirthswithReferrals2009 TG
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Table B- 15. OLS Logistic Regressio
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Table C- 1. Selected Characteristic
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Table C- 4. Social and Emotional Be
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Table C- 7. Communication Skills of
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Table C- 11. Emerging Literacy and
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Table C- 14. Mothers’ Negative Pa
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Number of Different Arrangements ac
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Figure C- 1. Mean Days of MCHP Serv
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Table C- 19. Characteristics of Mot
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Table C- 22. Number of Service Area
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Table C- 23. Number of Services Use
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Table C- 25. Linear Regression Anal
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Table C- 27. Baseline Characteristi
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2011 The Palm Beach County Family Study (Full Report)

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