2011 The Palm Beach County Family Study (Full Report)

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nonparental childcare arrangement for the focal children was center care, followed by relative care, andcare by a friend or neighbor.Maternal employment and/or school enrollment continues to be the strongest predictor of childcare use.The only other significant factors predicting childcare use are residence in the Glades TGA andrace/nativity. In particular, both U.S.-born and foreign-born black mothers were significantly more likelythan foreign-born Hispanic mothers to use childcare.Additional bivariate analyses suggest that different types of childcare arrangements are associated with anumber of maternal characteristics, including race/ethnicity, nativity, education, employment, andincome. Among black mothers, over half (65%) used center care, and 14 percent had a relative who tookcare of their children. Among Hispanic mothers, almost half (46%) used center care, and one-fifth (20%)relied on a friend or neighbor to care for their children. Furthermore, foreign-born mothers were morelikely than U.S.-born mothers to use friends or neighbors to care for their children, while U.S.-bornmothers were more likely to rely on relatives. However, equal proportions of U.S.-born and foreign-bornmothers used center care (55%). This is a change from the previous year when U.S.-born mothers weremore likely to use center care.In general, we attribute differences in the use of different types of childcare arrangements to a variety offactors, but one important factor is cost. The survey data indicate that use of center care, in particular, isrelated to having a childcare subsidy through Family Central. Mothers who received a subsidy were muchmore likely to have their child in a childcare center, Head Start, or prekindergarten program (82%) thanwere mothers who did not receive a subsidy (42%). Over one-third (39%) of mothers not using a subsidyrelied on friends or relatives to care for their children.As reported in the third study report (Spielberger et al., 2009), the qualitative data suggest several otherfactors, in addition to maternal employment, that shape mothers’ decisions about the use of childcare. Oneis the greater availability of formal childcare options for children 3 years and older than for infants andtoddlers and, correspondingly, the mothers’ growing knowledge about the options in their communities.In addition, as children become more communicative, more self-sufficient, and more in control of theirbehavior with age, mothers become more comfortable with the idea of nonparental childcare and begin torecognize the importance of experiences with other children and adults for their cognitive and socialdevelopment.Finally, an analysis of the stability of childcare over time indicates that a majority of the focal childrenexperienced fairly stable childcare arrangements during the first 4 years of their lives, meaning there wereonly a small number of transitions in childcare. However, about 44 percent of the children experiencedChapin Hall at the University of Chicago 73
four or more transitions in childcare arrangements during the first 4 years of their lives. The difficulty insecuring a stable childcare arrangement reflects, in part, the instability of a family’s work circumstancesand income; at the same time, the lack of stability in childcare also contributes to instability in their work.Chapin Hall at the University of Chicago 74
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FifthMarciaGouvêa2011
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AcknowledgmentsThis fifth report of
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Chapin Hall at the University of Ch
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List of TablesTable 1. Components o
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Table 58. Logistic Regression of Mo
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Table C- 24. Mothers’ Baseline an
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• In addition, we observed a pote
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kind of out-of-home educational exp
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IntroductionOver the last three dec
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eadiness and school success and in
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The study’s comprehensive, longit
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Table 2. Characteristics of Mothers
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The Year 5 Study SampleTable 4 show
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Household Structure, Employment, an
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Although mothers continued to repor
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Table 6. Family Income and Economic
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Specifically, mothers living outsid
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at the birth of the focal child tha
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Table 10. Reasons for Transportatio
Page 42 and 43: Health, Healthcare, and ChildDevelo
Page 44 and 45: two years of the study. In year 1 1
Page 46 and 47: Subsequent Pregnancies and Prenatal
Page 48 and 49: Children’s HealthcareMost (80%) o
Page 50 and 51: private plans or HMOs increased sig
Page 52 and 53: outside the TGAs to report that all
Page 54 and 55: Children’s Behavior and Developme
Page 56 and 57: cultural norms regarding what sorts
Page 58 and 59: Table 21. Emerging Pre-academic Ski
Page 60 and 61: the year 5 interview, over three-qu
Page 62: various activities, mothers reporte
Page 66 and 67: Negative Parenting PracticesThere i
Page 68 and 69: Table 28. Fathers’ Negative Paren
Page 70 and 71: Table 30. Parent Involvement Activi
Page 72 and 73: Table 32. Mothers’ Positive Paren
Page 74 and 75: Table 34. Mothers’ Parent Involve
Page 76 and 77: The most frequent parent involvemen
Page 78 and 79: Figure 3. Primary Childcare Arrange
Page 80 and 81: for 6 months, but when the subsidy
Page 82 and 83: ecause it is of particular interest
Page 84 and 85: types of care between mothers whose
Page 86 and 87: Table 40. Characteristics of Mother
Page 88 and 89: Table 41). Of the 204 children, 91
Page 90 and 91: commented on their children’s nee
Page 94 and 95: Informal and Community SupportAn un
Page 96 and 97: Table 46. Frequency of Husband/Part
Page 98 and 99: We also asked the mothers about the
Page 100 and 101: Table 49. Type of Family/Friends Su
Page 102 and 103: Access to Support by TGAFigure 5 sh
Page 104 and 105: Use of Formal ServicesA central que
Page 106 and 107: Correlates of At-Risk StatusA large
Page 108 and 109: services after 6 months. Among the
Page 110 and 111: Enhanced ServicesEnhanced services
Page 112 and 113: Termination of MCHP ServicesAs prev
Page 114 and 115: services were fairly stable, althou
Page 116 and 117: languages. The fact that more mothe
Page 118 and 119: In interpreting these results, it s
Page 120 and 121: Overall, mothers reported seeking h
Page 122 and 123: We found that in years 2 and 3, aft
Page 124 and 125: We also found that mothers tended t
Page 126 and 127: variables that could potentially be
Page 128 and 129: significant levels of stress. Paren
Page 130 and 131: positive parenting items and 5 nega
Page 132 and 133: friend/neighbor/other), which were
Page 134 and 135: Table 60. Logistic Regression of Ch
Page 140 and 141: County in either fall 2009 or fall
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Figure 6. Percent of Focal Children
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Next, we conducted logistic regress
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Table 68. Selected Maternal and Chi
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R 2 .180*p < .05, **p < .01, or ***
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SummarySimilar to previous analyses
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less than a high school education,
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Parenting PracticesWhen surveyed in
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We also looked at the stability of
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Service Use, Maternal Functioning,
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Conclusions and ImplicationsMore th
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Meanwhile, our findings indicate th
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literacy skills, families who do no
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BibliographyAbidin, R. R. (1995). P
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Dinan, K. A. (2005a). Federal polic
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Leventhal, T., Brooks-Gunn, J., McC
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Weisner, T. S. (1984). A cross-cult
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What are pathways to service use? W
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Table A- 1. FOCiS Codes for MCHP Se
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Table A- 2. Interview Study Samplin
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Table A- 3. Household Survey Topics
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Table A- 5. Reasons for Sample Attr
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we sought to identify the ecologica
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Table B- 2. Characteritics of TGA M
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Figure B- 1. Characteristics of Mot
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Figure B- 5. Percentage of PBC Moth
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Table B- 5. Logistic Regression Pre
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Table B- 7. Characteristics of TGA
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Table B- 9. Logistic Regression Pre
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Type of Enhanced Service2009N% of M
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Table B- 12. Logistic Regression Pr
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Numberof BirthswithReferrals2009 TG
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Table B- 15. OLS Logistic Regressio
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Table C- 1. Selected Characteristic
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Table C- 4. Social and Emotional Be
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Table C- 7. Communication Skills of
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Table C- 11. Emerging Literacy and
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Table C- 14. Mothers’ Negative Pa
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Number of Different Arrangements ac
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Figure C- 1. Mean Days of MCHP Serv
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Table C- 19. Characteristics of Mot
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Table C- 22. Number of Service Area
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Table C- 23. Number of Services Use
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Table C- 25. Linear Regression Anal
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Table C- 27. Baseline Characteristi
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2011 The Palm Beach County Family Study (Full Report)

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