2011 The Palm Beach County Family Study (Full Report)

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Table 6. Family Income and Economic Support of Year 5 Sample over Time aCharacteristicAnnual income previous year (%)% Mothers (N=310)Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5Less than $20,000 66 49 50 54 46Income-to-need ratio (%)Living at or below poverty threshold 69 54 52 58 52Use of income support programs (%)Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) 84 79 56 50 52Food Stamps 37 46 35 38 47Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) 18 23 19 22 35Social Security Insurance (SSI) 11 8 9 7 11Temporary Assistance for Needy Families(TANF)7 8 3 2 2Rent voucher 4 4 5 6 11Unemployment Insurance (UI) 3 2 1 3 9Home ownership (%)Home owned by mother or other family20 26 26 27 29membera Data were weighted to adjust for the oversampling of mothers in the Glades and mothers screened “at risk.”*Paired sample t-tests indicate that these year-to-year differences are statistically significant: income:need1 vs. income:need2;income:need1 vs. income:need3; income:need1 vs. income:need4; income:need1 vs. income:need5; FoodStamps1 vs. FoodStamps2;FoodStamps1 vs. FoodStamps5; FoodStamps2 vs. FoodStamps3; FoodStamps2 vs. FoodStamps4; FoodStamps3 vs. FoodStamps5;FoodStamps4 vs. FoodStamps5; wic1 vs. wic2; wic1 vs. wic3; wic1 vs. wic4; wic1 vs. wic5; wic2 vs. wic3; wic2 vs. wic4; wic2 vs.wic5; wic3 vs. wic4; tanf1 vs. tanf2; tanf1 vs. tanf4; tanf1 vs. tanf5; tanf2 vs. tanf3; tanf2 vs. tanf4; tanf2 vs. tanf5; rentvoucher1 vs.rentvoucher5; rentvoucher2 vs. rentvoucher5; rentvoucher3 vs. rentvoucher5; rentvoucher4 vs. rentvoucher5; ssi4 vs. ssi5; ui1 vs. ui3;ui1 vs. ui5; ui2 vs. ui5; ui3 vs. ui5; ui4 vs. ui5; eitc1 vs. eitc5; eitc2 vs. eitc5; eitc3 vs. eitc5; eitc4 vs. eitc5; home1 vs. home2; home1 vs.home3; home1 vs. home4; home1 vs. home5; home2 vs. home4; home2 vs. home5; home3 vs. home4; home3 vs. home5.Sample Characteristics by TGAThe service system in Palm Beach County targeted four low-income communities. One question ofinterest at the start of this study was whether service use differs in an area in the western part of thecounty called the Glades from that in three other, more urban areas along the east coast of the county.Because it is a larger, more rural, and more remote area than those in eastern Palm Beach County, fundersand service providers want to ensure that the service system serves families in this area well. Thus, tounderstand service use and the effects of service, it is important to understand the characteristics offamilies living in different parts of Palm Beach County. Also, subsequent analyses of the relationshipbetween geographic location and service use and the effects of service use by location, for example, musttake into consideration differences in the characteristics of the families who live in the Glades and ofthose in other parts of the county.Table 7 presents selected characteristics of families living in the Glades, the non-Glades TGAs, andoutside the TGAs elsewhere in Palm Beach County at year 5. Statistically significant differences wereobserved between these groups of mothers in terms of their race/ethnicity, nativity, and education.Chapin Hall at the University of Chicago 15
Table 7. Selected Characteristics of Year 5 Sample Mothers by TGA aCharacteristicTotal Glades Non-Glades Outside TGA(N=310) (n=38) (n=232) (n=40)FOCiS initial risk screen (%)At-risk/high-need screen score 31 29 30 38Study risk index (Vital Statistics)Mean (SD) 3.5 (1.5) 3.6 (1.6) 3.5 (1.5) 3.6 (1.4)Range 0–8 1–8 0–8 0–6Age of motherMean age (SD) 29.0 (5.7) 28.1 (5.8) 29.2 (5.7) 28.8 (5.7)Age range 19–47 19–44 19–47 20–41Teen mother at child’s birth (%) 15 24 13 20Mother’s race/ethnicity (%)**Hispanic 51 29 55 49Black, not Hispanic 41 68 38 34Main language spoken in home (%)English 50 74 46 50Spanish 43 21 47 43Haitian Creole 6 5 5 8Mother’s nativity (%)**United States 44 78 39 37Mexico 17 16 17 17Guatemala 13 0 16 7Haiti 7 3 8 7Honduras 3 0 4 2Other country 16 3 16 29Mother’s education (%)**High school graduate/GED (or more) 50 62 44 73Mother employed (%) 46 42 46 46Marital status (%)Married, living with husband 31 24 32 38Single c , living with partner 31 16 35 23Single, in relationship, but not living with partner 11 16 10 10Single, not in a relationship 26 45 22 28Number of children (%)One 25 21 25 33Two 32 33 32 25Three or more 44 46 43 43Mean (SD) household size (all children and adults) 4.9 (1.8) 5.0 (2.0) 5.0 (1.8) 4.4 (1.4)Annual income previous year less than $20,000 (%) 46 51 45 46Income-to-need ratio at/below poverty threshold (%) 52 50 55 42Home ownership (%)Mother owns home 20 19 20 22Someone else in household owns home 8 19 6 12a Data were weighted to adjust for the oversampling of mothers in the Glades and mothers screened “at risk.”bZip codes of areas outside the TGAs were: 33408, 33410, 33411, 33413, 33414, 33418, 33432, 33435, 33436, 33437, 33458,33463, 33467, 33469, and 33470c “Single” includes mothers who identified themselves as either single, never married, divorced, separated, or widowed.Chi-square tests indicate differences are statistically significant at *p < .05, **p < .01, or ***p < .001.Chapin Hall at the University of Chicago 16
Page 1 and 2: FifthMarciaGouvêa2011
Page 3: AcknowledgmentsThis fifth report of
Page 6 and 7: Chapin Hall at the University of Ch
Page 8 and 9: List of TablesTable 1. Components o
Page 10 and 11: Table 58. Logistic Regression of Mo
Page 12 and 13: Table C- 24. Mothers’ Baseline an
Page 16 and 17: • In addition, we observed a pote
Page 18 and 19: kind of out-of-home educational exp
Page 20 and 21: IntroductionOver the last three dec
Page 22 and 23: eadiness and school success and in
Page 24 and 25: The study’s comprehensive, longit
Page 26 and 27: Table 2. Characteristics of Mothers
Page 28 and 29: The Year 5 Study SampleTable 4 show
Page 30 and 31: Household Structure, Employment, an
Page 32 and 33: Although mothers continued to repor
Page 36 and 37: Specifically, mothers living outsid
Page 38 and 39: at the birth of the focal child tha
Page 40 and 41: Table 10. Reasons for Transportatio
Page 42 and 43: Health, Healthcare, and ChildDevelo
Page 44 and 45: two years of the study. In year 1 1
Page 46 and 47: Subsequent Pregnancies and Prenatal
Page 48 and 49: Children’s HealthcareMost (80%) o
Page 50 and 51: private plans or HMOs increased sig
Page 52 and 53: outside the TGAs to report that all
Page 54 and 55: Children’s Behavior and Developme
Page 56 and 57: cultural norms regarding what sorts
Page 58 and 59: Table 21. Emerging Pre-academic Ski
Page 60 and 61: the year 5 interview, over three-qu
Page 62: various activities, mothers reporte
Page 66 and 67: Negative Parenting PracticesThere i
Page 68 and 69: Table 28. Fathers’ Negative Paren
Page 70 and 71: Table 30. Parent Involvement Activi
Page 72 and 73: Table 32. Mothers’ Positive Paren
Page 74 and 75: Table 34. Mothers’ Parent Involve
Page 76 and 77: The most frequent parent involvemen
Page 78 and 79: Figure 3. Primary Childcare Arrange
Page 80 and 81: for 6 months, but when the subsidy
Page 82 and 83: ecause it is of particular interest
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types of care between mothers whose
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Table 40. Characteristics of Mother
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Table 41). Of the 204 children, 91
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commented on their children’s nee
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nonparental childcare arrangement f
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Informal and Community SupportAn un
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Table 46. Frequency of Husband/Part
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We also asked the mothers about the
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Table 49. Type of Family/Friends Su
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Access to Support by TGAFigure 5 sh
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Use of Formal ServicesA central que
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Correlates of At-Risk StatusA large
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services after 6 months. Among the
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Enhanced ServicesEnhanced services
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Termination of MCHP ServicesAs prev
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services were fairly stable, althou
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languages. The fact that more mothe
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In interpreting these results, it s
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Overall, mothers reported seeking h
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We found that in years 2 and 3, aft
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We also found that mothers tended t
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variables that could potentially be
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significant levels of stress. Paren
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positive parenting items and 5 nega
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friend/neighbor/other), which were
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Table 60. Logistic Regression of Ch
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County in either fall 2009 or fall
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Figure 6. Percent of Focal Children
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Next, we conducted logistic regress
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Table 68. Selected Maternal and Chi
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R 2 .180*p < .05, **p < .01, or ***
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SummarySimilar to previous analyses
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less than a high school education,
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Parenting PracticesWhen surveyed in
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We also looked at the stability of
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Service Use, Maternal Functioning,
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Conclusions and ImplicationsMore th
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Meanwhile, our findings indicate th
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literacy skills, families who do no
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BibliographyAbidin, R. R. (1995). P
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Dinan, K. A. (2005a). Federal polic
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Leventhal, T., Brooks-Gunn, J., McC
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Weisner, T. S. (1984). A cross-cult
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What are pathways to service use? W
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Table A- 1. FOCiS Codes for MCHP Se
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Table A- 2. Interview Study Samplin
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Table A- 3. Household Survey Topics
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Table A- 5. Reasons for Sample Attr
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we sought to identify the ecologica
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Table B- 2. Characteritics of TGA M
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Figure B- 1. Characteristics of Mot
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Figure B- 5. Percentage of PBC Moth
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Table B- 5. Logistic Regression Pre
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Table B- 7. Characteristics of TGA
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Table B- 9. Logistic Regression Pre
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Type of Enhanced Service2009N% of M
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Table B- 12. Logistic Regression Pr
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Numberof BirthswithReferrals2009 TG
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Table B- 15. OLS Logistic Regressio
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Table C- 1. Selected Characteristic
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Table C- 4. Social and Emotional Be
Page 214 and 215:
Table C- 7. Communication Skills of
Page 216 and 217:
Table C- 11. Emerging Literacy and
Page 218 and 219:
Table C- 14. Mothers’ Negative Pa
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Number of Different Arrangements ac
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Figure C- 1. Mean Days of MCHP Serv
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Table C- 19. Characteristics of Mot
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Table C- 22. Number of Service Area
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Table C- 23. Number of Services Use
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Table C- 25. Linear Regression Anal
Page 232 and 233:
Table C- 27. Baseline Characteristi
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2011 The Palm Beach County Family Study (Full Report)

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