2011 The Palm Beach County Family Study (Full Report)

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Table C- 1. Selected Characteristics of Mothers by Nativity aCharacteristic at Year 5All Mothers Foreign-born U.S.-born(N=310) (n=167) (n=143)FOCiS initial risk screen (%)At risk/high need screen score 31 29 33<strong>Study</strong> Risk Index***Mean (SD) 3.5 (1.5) 3.9 (1.4) 3.1 (1.6)Mother’s race (%)***Hispanic 51 77 20Black, not Hispanic 41 20 65Age of mother***Mean age (SD) 29.0 (5.7) 31.0 (6.0) 26.8 (4.5)Teen mother at focal child’s birth (%)*** 15 7 24Mother’s education (%)***High school graduate/GED (or more) 49 34 68Marital status (%)***Married, living with husband 33 42 22Number of children (%)One 25 27 22Two 32 29 35Employment (%)Mother currently working 46 45 47Husband/partner working (n=229)*** 85 93 73Main language spoken in home (%)***English 50 15 92Spanish 43 73 7Haitian Creole 6 10 1Income-to-need ratio (%)Living at or below poverty threshold 52 56 48Income support (%)WIC*** 52 65 36Food Stamps** 47 38 57Home ownership (%)Mother or other household member owns home 29 29 28a Data were weighted to adjust for the oversampling of mothers in the Glades and mothers screened “at risk.”Chi-square tests indicate differences are statistically significant at *p < .05, **p < .01, or *** p < .001.Chapin Hall at the University of Chicago 191
Table C- 2. Selected Health Characteristics of Mothers by Nativity a,bCharacteristic at Year 5All Mothers Foreign-born U.S.-born(N=310) (n=168) (n=142)Health insuranceMother covered*** 45 19 75All or some children covered** 87 83 93Health statusMother’s health good/very good/excellent** 83 77 90Focal child’s health good/very good/excellent* 95 92 98Focal child has special medical needs 19 16 22One or more well-baby check-ups 80 80 81Depression: CES-D score > 16 21 19 22a Data were weighted to adjust for the oversampling of mothers in the Glades and mothers screened “at risk.”b Previous versions of this table displayed U.S.-born mothers, foreign-born mothers who had been in the U.S. for 5 or more yearsand foreign-born mothers who had been in the U.S. for less than 5 years. At the time of the year 5 in-person survey, just nineforeign-born mothers had been in the U.S. for less than 5 years.Chi-square tests indicate differences are statistically significant at *p < .05, **p < .01, or ***p < .001.Table C- 3. Services, Economic Supports, and Social Support by Nativity a,bCharacteristic at Year 5All Mothers Foreign-born U.S.-born(N=310) (n=167) (n=143)Income supportsWIC*** 52 65 36Food Stamps** 47 38 57Earned Income Tax Credit* 35 29 42SSI (Social Security Disability)*** 11 2 21TANF 2 1 3Rent voucher*** 11 2 21Unemployment insurance** 9 4 15Attendance at religious servicesOnce a month or more often 52 56 47Use of formal servicesFive or more** 33 24 43ChildcareFocal child in childcare** 62 54 71Other preschool child in childcare (n=146)** 42 27 56Childcare subsidy for focal child 32 32 31Childcare subsidy for other children (n=74) 42 43 41a Data were weighted to adjust for the oversampling of mothers in the Glades and mothers screened “at risk.”b Previous versions of this table displayed U.S.-born mothers, foreign-born mothers who had been in the U.S. for 5 or more yearsand foreign-born mothers who had been in the U.S. for less than 5 years. At the time of the year 5 in-person survey, just nineforeign-born mothers had been in the U.S. for less than 5 years.Chi-square tests indicate differences are statistically significant at *p < .05, **p < .01, or ***p < .001.Chapin Hall at the University of Chicago 192
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FifthMarciaGouvêa2011
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AcknowledgmentsThis fifth report of
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Chapin Hall at the University of Ch
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List of TablesTable 1. Components o
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Table 58. Logistic Regression of Mo
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Table C- 24. Mothers’ Baseline an
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• In addition, we observed a pote
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kind of out-of-home educational exp
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IntroductionOver the last three dec
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eadiness and school success and in
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The study’s comprehensive, longit
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Table 2. Characteristics of Mothers
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The Year 5 Study SampleTable 4 show
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Household Structure, Employment, an
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Although mothers continued to repor
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Table 6. Family Income and Economic
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Specifically, mothers living outsid
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at the birth of the focal child tha
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Table 10. Reasons for Transportatio
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Health, Healthcare, and ChildDevelo
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two years of the study. In year 1 1
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Subsequent Pregnancies and Prenatal
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Children’s HealthcareMost (80%) o
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private plans or HMOs increased sig
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outside the TGAs to report that all
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Children’s Behavior and Developme
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cultural norms regarding what sorts
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Table 21. Emerging Pre-academic Ski
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the year 5 interview, over three-qu
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various activities, mothers reporte
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Negative Parenting PracticesThere i
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Table 28. Fathers’ Negative Paren
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Table 30. Parent Involvement Activi
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Table 32. Mothers’ Positive Paren
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Table 34. Mothers’ Parent Involve
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The most frequent parent involvemen
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Figure 3. Primary Childcare Arrange
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for 6 months, but when the subsidy
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ecause it is of particular interest
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types of care between mothers whose
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Table 40. Characteristics of Mother
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Table 41). Of the 204 children, 91
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commented on their children’s nee
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nonparental childcare arrangement f
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Informal and Community SupportAn un
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Table 46. Frequency of Husband/Part
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We also asked the mothers about the
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Table 49. Type of Family/Friends Su
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Access to Support by TGAFigure 5 sh
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Use of Formal ServicesA central que
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Correlates of At-Risk StatusA large
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services after 6 months. Among the
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Enhanced ServicesEnhanced services
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Termination of MCHP ServicesAs prev
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services were fairly stable, althou
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languages. The fact that more mothe
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In interpreting these results, it s
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Overall, mothers reported seeking h
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We found that in years 2 and 3, aft
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We also found that mothers tended t
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variables that could potentially be
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significant levels of stress. Paren
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positive parenting items and 5 nega
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friend/neighbor/other), which were
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Table 60. Logistic Regression of Ch
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County in either fall 2009 or fall
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Figure 6. Percent of Focal Children
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Next, we conducted logistic regress
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Table 68. Selected Maternal and Chi
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R 2 .180*p < .05, **p < .01, or ***
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SummarySimilar to previous analyses
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less than a high school education,
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Parenting PracticesWhen surveyed in
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We also looked at the stability of
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Service Use, Maternal Functioning,
Page 160 and 161: Conclusions and ImplicationsMore th
Page 162 and 163: Meanwhile, our findings indicate th
Page 164 and 165: literacy skills, families who do no
Page 166 and 167: BibliographyAbidin, R. R. (1995). P
Page 168 and 169: Dinan, K. A. (2005a). Federal polic
Page 170 and 171: Leventhal, T., Brooks-Gunn, J., McC
Page 172 and 173: Weisner, T. S. (1984). A cross-cult
Page 174 and 175: What are pathways to service use? W
Page 176 and 177: Table A- 1. FOCiS Codes for MCHP Se
Page 178 and 179: Table A- 2. Interview Study Samplin
Page 180 and 181: Table A- 3. Household Survey Topics
Page 182 and 183: Table A- 5. Reasons for Sample Attr
Page 184 and 185: we sought to identify the ecologica
Page 186 and 187: Table B- 2. Characteritics of TGA M
Page 188 and 189: Figure B- 1. Characteristics of Mot
Page 192 and 193: Figure B- 5. Percentage of PBC Moth
Page 194 and 195: Table B- 5. Logistic Regression Pre
Page 198 and 199: Table B- 7. Characteristics of TGA
Page 200 and 201: Table B- 9. Logistic Regression Pre
Page 202 and 203: Type of Enhanced Service2009N% of M
Page 204 and 205: Table B- 12. Logistic Regression Pr
Page 206 and 207: Numberof BirthswithReferrals2009 TG
Page 208 and 209: Table B- 15. OLS Logistic Regressio
Page 212 and 213: Table C- 4. Social and Emotional Be
Page 214 and 215: Table C- 7. Communication Skills of
Page 216 and 217: Table C- 11. Emerging Literacy and
Page 218 and 219: Table C- 14. Mothers’ Negative Pa
Page 220 and 221: Number of Different Arrangements ac
Page 222 and 223: Figure C- 1. Mean Days of MCHP Serv
Page 224 and 225: Table C- 19. Characteristics of Mot
Page 226 and 227: Table C- 22. Number of Service Area
Page 228 and 229: Table C- 23. Number of Services Use
Page 230 and 231: Table C- 25. Linear Regression Anal
Page 232 and 233: Table C- 27. Baseline Characteristi
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2011 The Palm Beach County Family Study (Full Report)

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