2011 The Palm Beach County Family Study (Full Report)

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We also found that mothers tended to seek help at different rates depending on the area of service need.Mothers were more likely to seek help when they had concerns (and had not received any help in theprevious year) in the areas of healthcare (98%), childcare (80%), and getting enough food (65%). Theywere next most likely to seek help with concerns related to legal issues (49%) and housing (39%). Thepercentages of mothers who had concerns about their children’s development and sought help weregenerally smaller than the percentages who sought help for basic needs.Because one goal of the service system is to link mothers to other needed services, we also examined therelationship between participation in MCHP and use of other formal services. We found some evidencethat mothers who received MCHP treatment services also received more from other formal services inyears 2, 3, and 5 (though not in year 4).In the next chapter, we turn to findings related to the associations between service use—including use ofservices in the MCHP system around the birth of the focal child—and maternal functioning and childdevelopment.Chapin Hall at the University of Chicago 105
Service Use, Maternal Functioning,and Child OutcomesExperts generally agree that the stresses associated with living in poverty are likely to impair effectiveparenting and child well-being (Bradley & Corwyn 2002; Duncan & Brooks-Gunn 2000; McLoyd, 1998).It has also been suggested that society may be able to improve the outcomes of children living in povertyby strengthening the level of support available to them and their parents by providing public services andsupports (Attree 2005). This conclusion stems, in part, from evidence that social support, both informaland formal, is an important resource for poor parents (Attree 2005; Henly et al. 2005). Building on thisidea, comprehensive, integrated service systems have been viewed increasingly as a promising strategyfor supporting healthy family functioning and child development in low-income, at-risk families (Brooks-Gunn, 2003; Gomby 2005; Olds et al. 2007). However, although a sizable body of literature focuses onthe effects of specialized services and interventions for children and families, few studies to date haveattempted to assess the impact of families’ use of comprehensive services (Leventhal et al., 2000).The Palm Beach County longitudinal study provides a unique opportunity to understand the potentialconsequences of mothers’ use of services, in the broadest sense, for their families’ well-being.Accordingly, in the fourth study report (Spielberger et al., 2010), we considered how overall service useby mothers, as well as other variables, related to their own and their children’s outcomes. We did not findmuch evidence of a relationship between mothers’ overall or specific service use and maternal and childoutcomes; the evidence we did find suggests that mothers with greater needs (and thus poorer outcomes)tend to use more services over time. 57 However, we did find significant differences with respect to57 It should be kept in mind that, because mothers voluntarily decided whether or not to use services, and were not randomlyassigned to receive services, it is not possible for this study to fully control for all differences between mothers who did and didnot receive services. Thus, it is not surprising that in some cases we found a significant relationship between greater service useand poorer outcomes.Chapin Hall at the University of Chicago 106
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FifthMarciaGouvêa2011
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AcknowledgmentsThis fifth report of
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Chapin Hall at the University of Ch
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List of TablesTable 1. Components o
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Table 58. Logistic Regression of Mo
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Table C- 24. Mothers’ Baseline an
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• In addition, we observed a pote
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kind of out-of-home educational exp
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IntroductionOver the last three dec
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eadiness and school success and in
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The study’s comprehensive, longit
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Table 2. Characteristics of Mothers
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The Year 5 Study SampleTable 4 show
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Household Structure, Employment, an
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Although mothers continued to repor
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Table 6. Family Income and Economic
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Specifically, mothers living outsid
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at the birth of the focal child tha
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Table 10. Reasons for Transportatio
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Health, Healthcare, and ChildDevelo
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two years of the study. In year 1 1
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Subsequent Pregnancies and Prenatal
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Children’s HealthcareMost (80%) o
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private plans or HMOs increased sig
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outside the TGAs to report that all
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Children’s Behavior and Developme
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cultural norms regarding what sorts
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Table 21. Emerging Pre-academic Ski
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the year 5 interview, over three-qu
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various activities, mothers reporte
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Negative Parenting PracticesThere i
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Table 28. Fathers’ Negative Paren
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Table 30. Parent Involvement Activi
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Table 32. Mothers’ Positive Paren
Page 74 and 75: Table 34. Mothers’ Parent Involve
Page 76 and 77: The most frequent parent involvemen
Page 78 and 79: Figure 3. Primary Childcare Arrange
Page 80 and 81: for 6 months, but when the subsidy
Page 82 and 83: ecause it is of particular interest
Page 84 and 85: types of care between mothers whose
Page 86 and 87: Table 40. Characteristics of Mother
Page 88 and 89: Table 41). Of the 204 children, 91
Page 90 and 91: commented on their children’s nee
Page 92 and 93: nonparental childcare arrangement f
Page 94 and 95: Informal and Community SupportAn un
Page 96 and 97: Table 46. Frequency of Husband/Part
Page 98 and 99: We also asked the mothers about the
Page 100 and 101: Table 49. Type of Family/Friends Su
Page 102 and 103: Access to Support by TGAFigure 5 sh
Page 104 and 105: Use of Formal ServicesA central que
Page 106 and 107: Correlates of At-Risk StatusA large
Page 108 and 109: services after 6 months. Among the
Page 110 and 111: Enhanced ServicesEnhanced services
Page 112 and 113: Termination of MCHP ServicesAs prev
Page 114 and 115: services were fairly stable, althou
Page 116 and 117: languages. The fact that more mothe
Page 118 and 119: In interpreting these results, it s
Page 120 and 121: Overall, mothers reported seeking h
Page 122 and 123: We found that in years 2 and 3, aft
Page 126 and 127: variables that could potentially be
Page 128 and 129: significant levels of stress. Paren
Page 130 and 131: positive parenting items and 5 nega
Page 132 and 133: friend/neighbor/other), which were
Page 134 and 135: Table 60. Logistic Regression of Ch
Page 140 and 141: County in either fall 2009 or fall
Page 142 and 143: Figure 6. Percent of Focal Children
Page 144 and 145: Next, we conducted logistic regress
Page 146 and 147: Table 68. Selected Maternal and Chi
Page 148 and 149: R 2 .180*p < .05, **p < .01, or ***
Page 150 and 151: SummarySimilar to previous analyses
Page 152 and 153: less than a high school education,
Page 154 and 155: Parenting PracticesWhen surveyed in
Page 156 and 157: We also looked at the stability of
Page 158 and 159: Service Use, Maternal Functioning,
Page 160 and 161: Conclusions and ImplicationsMore th
Page 162 and 163: Meanwhile, our findings indicate th
Page 164 and 165: literacy skills, families who do no
Page 166 and 167: BibliographyAbidin, R. R. (1995). P
Page 168 and 169: Dinan, K. A. (2005a). Federal polic
Page 170 and 171: Leventhal, T., Brooks-Gunn, J., McC
Page 172 and 173: Weisner, T. S. (1984). A cross-cult
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What are pathways to service use? W
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Table A- 1. FOCiS Codes for MCHP Se
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Table A- 2. Interview Study Samplin
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Table A- 3. Household Survey Topics
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Table A- 5. Reasons for Sample Attr
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we sought to identify the ecologica
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Table B- 2. Characteritics of TGA M
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Figure B- 1. Characteristics of Mot
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Figure B- 5. Percentage of PBC Moth
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Table B- 5. Logistic Regression Pre
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Table B- 7. Characteristics of TGA
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Table B- 9. Logistic Regression Pre
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Type of Enhanced Service2009N% of M
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Table B- 12. Logistic Regression Pr
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Numberof BirthswithReferrals2009 TG
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Table B- 15. OLS Logistic Regressio
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Table C- 1. Selected Characteristic
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Table C- 4. Social and Emotional Be
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Table C- 7. Communication Skills of
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Table C- 11. Emerging Literacy and
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Table C- 14. Mothers’ Negative Pa
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Number of Different Arrangements ac
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Figure C- 1. Mean Days of MCHP Serv
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Table C- 19. Characteristics of Mot
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Table C- 22. Number of Service Area
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Table C- 23. Number of Services Use
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Table C- 25. Linear Regression Anal
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Table C- 27. Baseline Characteristi
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2011 The Palm Beach County Family Study (Full Report)

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