2011 The Palm Beach County Family Study (Full Report)

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Table 34. Mothers’ Parent Involvement Activities during Previous 3 Months for Children in Childcare or School by Selected MaternalCharacteristics at Year 5 aParentInvolvementActivitiesHelped childwithhomeworkAttended aparent-teacherconferenceTalked to teacherabout child’sprogress atother timesAttended fieldtrip or familyevent at child’sschool/centerAttended PTAmeetings atchild’s schoolor centerMean (SD)ParentInvolvementScoreAllMothersBlackRace/Ethnicity (%) Nativity (%) Marital Status (%) Employment (%)HispanicWhite/otherForeignbornU.S.-bornMarriedSingle/live w/partnerSingle/Notlivingw/partnerNotworkingWorkingYear 1 TeenMother (%)(n=255) (n=109) (n=126) (n=20) (n=133) (n=122) (n=84) (n=75) (n=96) (n=121) (n=134) (n=31) (n=224)72 74 73 53 68 76 70 70 75 79 66* 45 75**62 54 71 50* 70 53* 66 67 54 73 52** 39 65**75 82 69 79 72 78 73 75 76 76 74 77 7544 57 36 25** 33 56*** 42 38 50 42 46 29 4633 44 25 25** 33 32 33 26 39 36 30 19 350.57 0.62 0.55 0.45 0.55 0.59 0.57 0.55 0.59 0.61 0.53 0.42(.30) (.30) (.29) (.28)* (.29) (.30) (.27) (.30) (.32) (.26) (.32)* (.30)(range: 0-1) ba Sample includes only mothers who have children in childcare or school. Data were weighted to adjust for the oversampling of mothers in the Glades and mothers screened “at risk.”b Mean parenting scores are based only on parenting items included in all five surveys. (Y2) and (Y3) indicate items added in year 2 or year 3.One-way ANOVA tests indicate means are statistically significant at *p < .05, ** p < .01, or *** p < .001.*Denotes z-test of column proportions (or t-test of means where applicable) statistically significant at p < .10 or lower: [Race/Ethnicity] parentteacherconferences(2) vs.parentteacherconferences(1); fieldtrip(1) vs. fieldtrip(2); fieldtrip(1) vs. fieldtrip(3); ptameeting(1) vs. ptameeting(2); [Nativity] parentteacherconferences(1) vs.parentteacherconferences(2); fieldtrip(2) vs. fieldtrip(1); [Relationship status] none; [Employment] homework(1) vs. homework(2); parentteacherconferences(1) vs.parentteacherconferences(2); [Teen parent] homework(2) vs. homework(1); parentteacherconferences(2) vs. parentteacherconferences(1); ptameeting(2) vs. ptameeting(1).Teen(15–19)Nonteen(≥ 20)0.59(.29)**Chapin Hall at the University of Chicago 55
SummaryWhen surveyed in the fifth year, mothers were asked to report on three general kinds of parentingpractices that they and their husbands/partners used during the previous 3 months: positive activities withtheir children in their home and neighborhood; negative parenting practices, usually for disciplinarypurposes; and activities that involved them with their children’s school or childcare. More than threequartersof the mothers reported that they engaged in a variety of positive parenting activities. <strong>The</strong>seincluded praising their children; taking children on errands and outside to play; reading books andencouraging their children to read; singing songs with children and telling stories; doing household choreswith children; playing with a game, puzzle, or building toy with children; and talking to their childrenabout television programs. For families in which husbands/partners had contact with their children,mothers reported that at least half of husbands/partners engaged in most positive parenting activities.Smaller percentages of mothers reported that they or their husbands/partners used negative parentingpractices. A little over half (60%) of the mothers reported that they had lost their temper with theirchildren; a quarter (25%) said they had found hitting or spanking was a good way to get their children tolisten; and a quarter (26%) said they got angrier with their children than they had intended during theprevious 3 months. No more than 18 percent said that in the past 3 months they had blamed their childrenfor something that was not their fault or punished their children for not finishing the food on their plate.Mothers whose husbands/partners had had contact with their children reported somewhat lowerpercentages of negative parenting practices for their husbands/partners than they reported for themselves.Over time, positive parenting activities increased for both mothers and husbands/partners, but most of thechanges occurred between the first and second years. <strong>The</strong> only noteworthy differences between years 4and 5 was an increase in the percentage of mothers who reported telling stories to their children andtaking their children to the library, which is consistent with the increasing age of their children. Similarly,there was an increase from year 1 to year 5 in the percentage of husbands/partners engaging in most of thepositive parenting practices. Also, between years 4 and 5, there was an increase in the percentage ofhusbands/partners who told stories to their children, took the children to the library, encouraged thechildren to read a book, did household chores with children, and talked to their children about televisionprograms.In terms of negative parenting practices, there was a significant increase in mean negative parentingscores for mothers, but not husbands/partners between years 4 and 5; the former was due to an increase inthe percentage of mothers who said they had become angrier than intended with their children or hadblamed their children for something that was not their fault.Chapin Hall at the University of Chicago 56
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FifthMarciaGouvêa2011
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AcknowledgmentsThis fifth report of
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Chapin Hall at the University of Ch
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List of TablesTable 1. Components o
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Table 58. Logistic Regression of Mo
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Table C- 24. Mothers’ Baseline an
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• In addition, we observed a pote
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kind of out-of-home educational exp
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IntroductionOver the last three dec
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eadiness and school success and in
Page 24 and 25: The study’s comprehensive, longit
Page 26 and 27: Table 2. Characteristics of Mothers
Page 28 and 29: The Year 5 Study SampleTable 4 show
Page 30 and 31: Household Structure, Employment, an
Page 32 and 33: Although mothers continued to repor
Page 34 and 35: Table 6. Family Income and Economic
Page 36 and 37: Specifically, mothers living outsid
Page 38 and 39: at the birth of the focal child tha
Page 40 and 41: Table 10. Reasons for Transportatio
Page 42 and 43: Health, Healthcare, and ChildDevelo
Page 44 and 45: two years of the study. In year 1 1
Page 46 and 47: Subsequent Pregnancies and Prenatal
Page 48 and 49: Children’s HealthcareMost (80%) o
Page 50 and 51: private plans or HMOs increased sig
Page 52 and 53: outside the TGAs to report that all
Page 54 and 55: Children’s Behavior and Developme
Page 56 and 57: cultural norms regarding what sorts
Page 58 and 59: Table 21. Emerging Pre-academic Ski
Page 60 and 61: the year 5 interview, over three-qu
Page 62: various activities, mothers reporte
Page 66 and 67: Negative Parenting PracticesThere i
Page 68 and 69: Table 28. Fathers’ Negative Paren
Page 70 and 71: Table 30. Parent Involvement Activi
Page 72 and 73: Table 32. Mothers’ Positive Paren
Page 76 and 77: The most frequent parent involvemen
Page 78 and 79: Figure 3. Primary Childcare Arrange
Page 80 and 81: for 6 months, but when the subsidy
Page 82 and 83: ecause it is of particular interest
Page 84 and 85: types of care between mothers whose
Page 86 and 87: Table 40. Characteristics of Mother
Page 88 and 89: Table 41). Of the 204 children, 91
Page 90 and 91: commented on their children’s nee
Page 92 and 93: nonparental childcare arrangement f
Page 94 and 95: Informal and Community SupportAn un
Page 96 and 97: Table 46. Frequency of Husband/Part
Page 98 and 99: We also asked the mothers about the
Page 100 and 101: Table 49. Type of Family/Friends Su
Page 102 and 103: Access to Support by TGAFigure 5 sh
Page 104 and 105: Use of Formal ServicesA central que
Page 106 and 107: Correlates of At-Risk StatusA large
Page 108 and 109: services after 6 months. Among the
Page 110 and 111: Enhanced ServicesEnhanced services
Page 112 and 113: Termination of MCHP ServicesAs prev
Page 114 and 115: services were fairly stable, althou
Page 116 and 117: languages. The fact that more mothe
Page 118 and 119: In interpreting these results, it s
Page 120 and 121: Overall, mothers reported seeking h
Page 122 and 123: We found that in years 2 and 3, aft
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We also found that mothers tended t
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variables that could potentially be
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significant levels of stress. Paren
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positive parenting items and 5 nega
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friend/neighbor/other), which were
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Table 60. Logistic Regression of Ch
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County in either fall 2009 or fall
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Figure 6. Percent of Focal Children
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Next, we conducted logistic regress
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Table 68. Selected Maternal and Chi
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R 2 .180*p < .05, **p < .01, or ***
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SummarySimilar to previous analyses
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less than a high school education,
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Parenting PracticesWhen surveyed in
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We also looked at the stability of
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Service Use, Maternal Functioning,
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Conclusions and ImplicationsMore th
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Meanwhile, our findings indicate th
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literacy skills, families who do no
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BibliographyAbidin, R. R. (1995). P
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Dinan, K. A. (2005a). Federal polic
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Leventhal, T., Brooks-Gunn, J., McC
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Weisner, T. S. (1984). A cross-cult
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What are pathways to service use? W
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Table A- 1. FOCiS Codes for MCHP Se
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Table A- 2. Interview Study Samplin
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Table A- 3. Household Survey Topics
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Table A- 5. Reasons for Sample Attr
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we sought to identify the ecologica
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Table B- 2. Characteritics of TGA M
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Figure B- 1. Characteristics of Mot
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Figure B- 5. Percentage of PBC Moth
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Table B- 5. Logistic Regression Pre
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Table B- 7. Characteristics of TGA
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Table B- 9. Logistic Regression Pre
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Type of Enhanced Service2009N% of M
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Table B- 12. Logistic Regression Pr
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Numberof BirthswithReferrals2009 TG
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Table B- 15. OLS Logistic Regressio
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Table C- 1. Selected Characteristic
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Table C- 4. Social and Emotional Be
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Table C- 7. Communication Skills of
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Table C- 11. Emerging Literacy and
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Table C- 14. Mothers’ Negative Pa
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Number of Different Arrangements ac
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Figure C- 1. Mean Days of MCHP Serv
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Table C- 19. Characteristics of Mot
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Table C- 22. Number of Service Area
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Table C- 23. Number of Services Use
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Table C- 25. Linear Regression Anal
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Table C- 27. Baseline Characteristi
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2011 The Palm Beach County Family Study (Full Report)

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