Table B- 7. Characteristics of TGA Birth Cohort by Type of Services in MCHP System aTGA population with TreatmentMaternal CharacteristicActivityBirth With MCHP Unmarried Teen < HSForeignbornweightLow birthNBlack HispanicEvents Treatment Mother Mother Education% % % % % % % % %2004–2005 12,435Care coordination only b 2,676 22 53 65 18 44 37 49 62 10Intensive care coordination c 2,354 19 47 78 25 61 39 53 57 13<strong>Family</strong> support planning d 1,176 9 23 79 26 56 46 44 49 142006 6,716Care coordination only b 1,440 21 52 67 17 50 31 58 66 10Intensive care coordination c 1,320 20 48 79 25 65 34 57 60 12<strong>Family</strong> support planning d 638 9 23 114 42 89 51 74 80 202007 6,629Care coordination only b 1,489 22 54 69 16 51 33 57 65 9Intensive care coordination c 1,287 19 46 82 27 65 39 55 57 12<strong>Family</strong> support planning d 633 10 23 83 30 63 45 47 48 122008 6,365Care coordination only b 596 9 23 61 12 31 39 40 52 7Intensive care coordination c 2,049 32 77 80 21 66 34 59 64 12<strong>Family</strong> support planning d 453 7 17 84 27 61 52 39 43 152009 5,844Care coordination only b 639 11 34 66 13 46 28 56 63 8Intensive care coordination c 1,215 21 66 82 24 59 44 48 54 12<strong>Family</strong> support planning d 283 5 15 84 27 63 46 44 47 14All Years 37,989Care coordination only b 6,840 18 45 66 16 46 34 53 62 9Intensive care coordination c 8,225 22 55 80 24 63 38 55 59 12<strong>Family</strong> support planning d 3,183 8 21 81 28 61 45 46 49 14a Source: Vital Statistics and FOCiS (2004–2009). Data for the year 5 study sample were weighted to account for oversampling of mothers “at risk” and mothers in the Glades TGA. Data on MCHPservices differ slightly from year 3 report due to updated activity data. <strong>The</strong> birth of twins, triplets, and other multiples counted as one birth event.b Includes mothers who consented received care coordination only and not intensive services. Care coordination includes the following activity codes: 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 40,41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 3320, 3321, 4501, 6515, 6516, 8002, 8004, 8006, 8008, 8013, and 8026 provided by the following agencies: BANK, Healthy Mothers/Healthy Babies Coalition,Healthy Start/Healthy <strong>Family</strong> Nurses, Oakwood, Parent-Child Center, Center for <strong>Family</strong> Services, Planned Parenthood, HUGS, and Comprehensive AIDS Program.c Includes mothers who received intensive care coordination under the same activity codes listed above, but these services are provided by the following agencies: Healthy Mothers/Healthy BabiesCoalition, Nurture the Future, NOAH, Families First, Guatemalan Mayan Center, Sickle Cell Foundation, Haitian American Council, Esereh Youth and <strong>Family</strong> Center, American Lung Association,WHIN, and Minority Development and Empowerment, Inc.d <strong>Family</strong> support planning (FSP) services includes activity codes 3321 and 3322 provided by any agency.Chapin Hall at the University of Chicago 179
Table B- 8. Logistic Regression Predicting Likelihood of Receiving Intensive Care Coordination aPredictor Variable Odds Ratio Sig.Baseline CharacteristicsMother drank alcohol while pregnant 2.9 ***Mother used WIC while pregnant 1.1 *Mother used tobacco while pregnant b 1.6 ***Late, unknown, or no prenatal care c 1.4 ***Mother obtained less than high school diploma 2.0 ***Mother unmarried 1.5 ***Mother younger than 20 1.5 ***Maternal health problem during pregnancy d 1.2 ***Child complications at delivery e 1.0 NSLow birth weight f 1.2 **Focal child born premature 1.3 ***Glades residency 1.3 ***Race/nativityBlack—Foreign-born 0.9 **Hispanic—Foreign-born (excluded category) — —White/other—Foreign-born 0.5 ***Black—U.S.-born 1.4 ***Hispanic—U.S.-born 0.8 ***White/other—U.S.-born 0.6 ***Year of Focal Child’s BirthFocal child was born in 2004 (excluded category) — —Focal child was born in 2005 1.0 NSFocal child was born in 2006 1.1 NSFocal child was born in 2007 1.0 NSFocal child was born in 2008 5.0 ***Focal child was born in 2009 3.0 ***χ 2 (22, N=24,163) 4251.76Pseudo R 2 0.1613a Weights were not applied to this analysis.b Tobacco use does not include those who indicated that they were “unsure” if they used tobacco, but did include those who quitwhile pregnant.c“Late” prenatal care is prenatal care that began in the third trimester.d Diabetes, hypertension, previous preterm birth, previous poor pregnancy outcome, pregnancy result of infertility treatments, or“other” health complicationse Ventilator required, newborn given antibiotics, significant birth injury, hyaline membranes disease, NICU admission, seizures,serious neurologic dysfunction, surfactant given to newborn, or “other” delivery complications.f Less than 2500 grams^p < .10, *p < .05, **p < .01, or ***p < .001.Chapin Hall at the University of Chicago 180
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FifthMarciaGouvêa2011
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AcknowledgmentsThis fifth report of
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Chapin Hall at the University of Ch
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List of TablesTable 1. Components o
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Table 58. Logistic Regression of Mo
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Table C- 24. Mothers’ Baseline an
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• In addition, we observed a pote
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kind of out-of-home educational exp
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IntroductionOver the last three dec
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eadiness and school success and in
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The study’s comprehensive, longit
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Table 2. Characteristics of Mothers
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The Year 5 Study SampleTable 4 show
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Household Structure, Employment, an
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Although mothers continued to repor
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Table 6. Family Income and Economic
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Specifically, mothers living outsid
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at the birth of the focal child tha
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Table 10. Reasons for Transportatio
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Health, Healthcare, and ChildDevelo
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two years of the study. In year 1 1
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Subsequent Pregnancies and Prenatal
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Children’s HealthcareMost (80%) o
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private plans or HMOs increased sig
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outside the TGAs to report that all
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Children’s Behavior and Developme
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cultural norms regarding what sorts
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Table 21. Emerging Pre-academic Ski
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the year 5 interview, over three-qu
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various activities, mothers reporte
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Negative Parenting PracticesThere i
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Table 28. Fathers’ Negative Paren
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Table 30. Parent Involvement Activi
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Table 32. Mothers’ Positive Paren
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Table 34. Mothers’ Parent Involve
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The most frequent parent involvemen
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Figure 3. Primary Childcare Arrange
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for 6 months, but when the subsidy
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ecause it is of particular interest
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types of care between mothers whose
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Table 40. Characteristics of Mother
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Table 41). Of the 204 children, 91
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commented on their children’s nee
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nonparental childcare arrangement f
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Informal and Community SupportAn un
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Table 46. Frequency of Husband/Part
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We also asked the mothers about the
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Table 49. Type of Family/Friends Su
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Access to Support by TGAFigure 5 sh
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Use of Formal ServicesA central que
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Correlates of At-Risk StatusA large
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services after 6 months. Among the
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Enhanced ServicesEnhanced services
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Termination of MCHP ServicesAs prev
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services were fairly stable, althou
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languages. The fact that more mothe
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In interpreting these results, it s
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Overall, mothers reported seeking h
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We found that in years 2 and 3, aft
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We also found that mothers tended t
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variables that could potentially be
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significant levels of stress. Paren
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positive parenting items and 5 nega
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friend/neighbor/other), which were
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Table 60. Logistic Regression of Ch
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Table 62. Logistic Regression of Ch
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Table 64. Logistic Regression of Ch
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County in either fall 2009 or fall
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Figure 6. Percent of Focal Children
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Next, we conducted logistic regress
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Table 68. Selected Maternal and Chi
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- Page 166 and 167: BibliographyAbidin, R. R. (1995). P
- Page 168 and 169: Dinan, K. A. (2005a). Federal polic
- Page 170 and 171: Leventhal, T., Brooks-Gunn, J., McC
- Page 172 and 173: Weisner, T. S. (1984). A cross-cult
- Page 174 and 175: What are pathways to service use? W
- Page 176 and 177: Table A- 1. FOCiS Codes for MCHP Se
- Page 178 and 179: Table A- 2. Interview Study Samplin
- Page 180 and 181: Table A- 3. Household Survey Topics
- Page 182 and 183: Table A- 5. Reasons for Sample Attr
- Page 184 and 185: we sought to identify the ecologica
- Page 186 and 187: Table B- 2. Characteritics of TGA M
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- Page 202 and 203: Type of Enhanced Service2009N% of M
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- Page 206 and 207: Numberof BirthswithReferrals2009 TG
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