2011 The Palm Beach County Family Study (Full Report)

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Table A- 3. Household Survey Topics over TimeTopicsHouseholdCompositionFamily ContextAdequacy ofLivingArrangementsHealth,Insurance,Prenatal Care,ChildDevelopmentFamilyConcerns andUse of FormalServicesChildcare andAfterschoolArrangementsSocial SupportParentingPracticesPublic Supportsand FamilyIncomeMaternalFunctioningYear/Focal Child’s AgeYear 1/0–6 months Year 2/12–18 mos. Year 3 /24–30 Year 4/36–42 mos. Year 5/48–54 mos.mos.Description of all household members including name, relationship to theSame as Year 1 Same as Year 2 Same as Year 3 Same as Year 4respondent, age, gender, race, student and employment status, number of hoursworked per week, and educational levelFamily structure and social/economic context, including children who do not live in Same as Year 1; Similar to Year 2; Same as Year 3; Same as Year 4the home, the children’s father(s), marital status, employment, language spoken in added question on added literacy and added items onthe home, access to transportation, living conditionsmaternal nativity significant family child supportevent itemsConditions of family’s housing—electricity, plumbing, heating/air conditioning, Same as Year 1 Same as year 2 Same as Year 3 Same as Year 4cooking appliances, lack of basic household furnishings, and overcrowding(1) Health of and medical care for children and adults; (2) prenatal care; (3) healthinsurance coverage for children and the parent’s knowledge of public healthinsurance programs for children; and (4) where medical care is usually obtained andbarriers to medical care(1) Concerns in the past year about (a) meeting family’s basic needs (b) child(ren)’shealth and development; (2) frequency of concern; (3) whether they tried to get helpfrom a community agency or program; (4) whether they received help; (5)satisfaction with the agency or program; and (6) contacts with any other services(1) For preschool children, type of care arrangement, time in care, cost of care, andsatisfaction with the arrangement; and (2) for school-age children, participation inorganized activities or afterschool programs, and satisfaction with afterschoolarrangements(1) Support parents receive from spouse or partner, relatives and friends, places ofworship, and other community supports such as medical, school, and social workprofessionals; (2) satisfaction with help from these supporters, and (3) accessibilityand adequacy of supportSimilar to Year 1;added subsequentpregnancy itemSimilar to Year 2,with childdevelopment itemsadjusted for 2-yearoldchildrenSimilar to Year 3with childdevelopment itemsadjusted for 3-yearoldchildrenSimilar to Year 4with childdevelopment itemsadjusted for 4-yearoldchildrenSame as Year 1(added birthcontrol and familyplanning to SectionC)Same as Year 2 Same as Year 3 Same as Year 4Same as Year 1 Same as Year 2, Same as Year 3 Same as Year 4modified to getsubsidy use for allRespondents usingSimilar to Year 1interview items(dropped separatereligious items;added affection andconflict)Maternal and paternal positive and negative parenting practices Same as Year 1,with some newitemsReceipt of public transfers such as Food Stamps, rent vouchers, TANF, WIC, andSocial Security, and to estimate their total household income from all sources(1) Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) to assessdepressive symptoms in previous week; and (2) use of alcoholic beverageschildcareSimilar to Year 2;dropped 2 itemsSame as Year 2,added frequencyscaleSame as Year 1 Same as Years 1and 2Same as Year 1,plus the ParentingStress Inventory(PSI)Same as Year 2,added questions onsmokingSame as Year 3 Same as Year 4Same as Year 3 Same as Year 4Same as Year 3 Same as Year 4Same as Year 3 Same as Year 4Chapin Hall at the University of Chicago 161
Sample Response RatesTable A- 4 presents the number of mothers who have completed each phase of the longitudinal studyinterviews to date. A total of 444 mothers, or 84 percent of the baseline sample of 531, completed thesecond in-person interview; and 399 (75%) completed the third-year in-person interview. A total of 390(73%) of the mothers participated in all three waves of in-person interviews; 355 (67%) completed thefourth-year in-person interview; and a total of 335 (63%) completed all four waves of in-personinterviews. The final in-person interview was completed by a total of 353 (66%) and 310 (58%)completed all five in-person interviews. As shown in Table A- 5, the most frequent reason for sampleattrition is mothers moving out of the study area or being unable to contact. Only a small percentage ofmothers have declined to participate in follow-up interviews or left the study for other reasons.A regression analysis of the mothers who completed the fifth-year interview indicates that this attrition isalmost random. The analysis included the following as explanatory variables: living in the Glades, beinghigh risk, having been born in the U.S., being married, being black, being Hispanic, having a high schooldiploma, yearly income, mother’s age at the first interview, and scoring high on the depression scale. Inyear 5, the only significant variables were ethnicity and education level at the baseline interview. In year5, black mothers were almost 3 times more likely than mothers of white or other ethnic backgrounds to beinterviewed in the fifth year. Additionally, mothers who, at the time of the first the baseline interview, hada high school diploma were almost twice as likely to be interviewed at year 5 as compared to those whodid not have a high school diploma at the baseline interview.Table A- 4. Sample and Response Rates for Longitudinal Study over TimeInterview Wave Data Collection Period Sample RetainedN% a1. Baseline In-person Interview July 2004–Nov. 2005 5312. First 6-Month Telephone Jan. 2005–May 2006 484 913. Second In-person Interview July 2005–Nov. 2006 444 844. Second 6-Month Telephone Jan. 2006–May 2007 432 815. Third In-person Interview July 2006–Dec. 2007 399 756. Third 6-Month Telephone Jan. 2007–May 2008 387 737. Fourth In-person Interview July 2007–Dec. 2008 355 678. Fourth 6-Month Telephone Jan. 2008–May 2009 357 679. Fifth In-Person Interview July 2008–Dec 2009 353 6610. Fifth 6-Month Telephone b Jan 2009–Sept 2009 181 34aA total of 702 mothers were recruited for the study, and 589 were selected for the original sample. Response rate is based on therate for all eligible cases, which excludes mothers who no longer live in the study area, whose children were too old for thesample, who had lost custody of their children, or who were ineligible for another reason. Attempts are made to contactrespondents for two consecutive time periods before they are dropped from the study sample pool.bThe study was terminated on September 30, 2009, before all of the fifth-year 6-month telephone surveys could be completed.Chapin Hall at the University of Chicago 162
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FifthMarciaGouvêa2011
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AcknowledgmentsThis fifth report of
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Chapin Hall at the University of Ch
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List of TablesTable 1. Components o
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Table 58. Logistic Regression of Mo
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Table C- 24. Mothers’ Baseline an
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• In addition, we observed a pote
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kind of out-of-home educational exp
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IntroductionOver the last three dec
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eadiness and school success and in
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The study’s comprehensive, longit
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Table 2. Characteristics of Mothers
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The Year 5 Study SampleTable 4 show
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Household Structure, Employment, an
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Although mothers continued to repor
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Table 6. Family Income and Economic
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Specifically, mothers living outsid
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at the birth of the focal child tha
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Table 10. Reasons for Transportatio
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Health, Healthcare, and ChildDevelo
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two years of the study. In year 1 1
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Subsequent Pregnancies and Prenatal
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Children’s HealthcareMost (80%) o
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private plans or HMOs increased sig
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outside the TGAs to report that all
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Children’s Behavior and Developme
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cultural norms regarding what sorts
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Table 21. Emerging Pre-academic Ski
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the year 5 interview, over three-qu
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various activities, mothers reporte
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Negative Parenting PracticesThere i
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Table 28. Fathers’ Negative Paren
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Table 30. Parent Involvement Activi
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Table 32. Mothers’ Positive Paren
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Table 34. Mothers’ Parent Involve
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The most frequent parent involvemen
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Figure 3. Primary Childcare Arrange
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for 6 months, but when the subsidy
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ecause it is of particular interest
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types of care between mothers whose
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Table 40. Characteristics of Mother
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Table 41). Of the 204 children, 91
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commented on their children’s nee
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nonparental childcare arrangement f
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Informal and Community SupportAn un
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Table 46. Frequency of Husband/Part
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We also asked the mothers about the
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Table 49. Type of Family/Friends Su
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Access to Support by TGAFigure 5 sh
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Use of Formal ServicesA central que
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Correlates of At-Risk StatusA large
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services after 6 months. Among the
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Enhanced ServicesEnhanced services
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Termination of MCHP ServicesAs prev
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services were fairly stable, althou
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languages. The fact that more mothe
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In interpreting these results, it s
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Overall, mothers reported seeking h
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We found that in years 2 and 3, aft
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We also found that mothers tended t
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variables that could potentially be
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significant levels of stress. Paren
Page 130 and 131: positive parenting items and 5 nega
Page 132 and 133: friend/neighbor/other), which were
Page 134 and 135: Table 60. Logistic Regression of Ch
Page 140 and 141: County in either fall 2009 or fall
Page 142 and 143: Figure 6. Percent of Focal Children
Page 144 and 145: Next, we conducted logistic regress
Page 146 and 147: Table 68. Selected Maternal and Chi
Page 148 and 149: R 2 .180*p < .05, **p < .01, or ***
Page 150 and 151: SummarySimilar to previous analyses
Page 152 and 153: less than a high school education,
Page 154 and 155: Parenting PracticesWhen surveyed in
Page 156 and 157: We also looked at the stability of
Page 158 and 159: Service Use, Maternal Functioning,
Page 160 and 161: Conclusions and ImplicationsMore th
Page 162 and 163: Meanwhile, our findings indicate th
Page 164 and 165: literacy skills, families who do no
Page 166 and 167: BibliographyAbidin, R. R. (1995). P
Page 168 and 169: Dinan, K. A. (2005a). Federal polic
Page 170 and 171: Leventhal, T., Brooks-Gunn, J., McC
Page 172 and 173: Weisner, T. S. (1984). A cross-cult
Page 174 and 175: What are pathways to service use? W
Page 176 and 177: Table A- 1. FOCiS Codes for MCHP Se
Page 178 and 179: Table A- 2. Interview Study Samplin
Page 182 and 183: Table A- 5. Reasons for Sample Attr
Page 184 and 185: we sought to identify the ecologica
Page 186 and 187: Table B- 2. Characteritics of TGA M
Page 188 and 189: Figure B- 1. Characteristics of Mot
Page 192 and 193: Figure B- 5. Percentage of PBC Moth
Page 194 and 195: Table B- 5. Logistic Regression Pre
Page 198 and 199: Table B- 7. Characteristics of TGA
Page 200 and 201: Table B- 9. Logistic Regression Pre
Page 202 and 203: Type of Enhanced Service2009N% of M
Page 204 and 205: Table B- 12. Logistic Regression Pr
Page 206 and 207: Numberof BirthswithReferrals2009 TG
Page 208 and 209: Table B- 15. OLS Logistic Regressio
Page 210 and 211: Table C- 1. Selected Characteristic
Page 212 and 213: Table C- 4. Social and Emotional Be
Page 214 and 215: Table C- 7. Communication Skills of
Page 216 and 217: Table C- 11. Emerging Literacy and
Page 218 and 219: Table C- 14. Mothers’ Negative Pa
Page 220 and 221: Number of Different Arrangements ac
Page 222 and 223: Figure C- 1. Mean Days of MCHP Serv
Page 224 and 225: Table C- 19. Characteristics of Mot
Page 226 and 227: Table C- 22. Number of Service Area
Page 228 and 229: Table C- 23. Number of Services Use
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Table C- 25. Linear Regression Anal
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Table C- 27. Baseline Characteristi
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2011 The Palm Beach County Family Study (Full Report)

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