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14 Nomenclature The nomenclature provides an overview of the majority of the used symbols, subscripts, abbreviated terms and coordinate systems. It should be noted that a dot is used as decimal point, throughout the project thesis. Three coordinates systems are defined for the wind turbine and its components. Wind turbine The wind turbine system is fixed to the tower. x is positive in the downwind direction, z is pointing up, y completes right hand coordinate system. Shaft The shaft axis system rotates with the nacelle. x is such that a positive moment about the x axis acts in the rotational direction. z is pointing up, y completes right hand coordinate system. Blade The blade axis system rotates with the rotor. x is such that a positive moment about the x-axis acts in the rotational direction. y is such that a positive moment acts to bend the blade tip downwind. z is positive towards the blade tip. 105
NOMENCLATURE Abbreviation Description AFPMG Axial flux permanent magnet generator BEM Blade Element Momentum CCW Counter clockwise CF Capacity factor CW Clockwise DBRI Danish Building Research Institute EWB Engineers Without Borders HAWT Horizontal-axis wind turbine IHA Engineering College of Aarhus MC Moisture content PM Permanent magnet RH Relative humidity TSR Tip-speed ratio VAWT Vertical-axis wind turbine Subscript Description ann Annually B Blade design Input parameter for the simplified load equations dw Dead-weight fr Friction g Generator h Embedding strength i Incremental value L,R,T Designate longitudal, radial and tangential direction to fibres on blades M Moment max Maximum pi Press-in connector r Rotor S Shaft T Tower tf Thrust force tot Total v Tail vane x x-component y y-component z z-component 106
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WIND TURBINE DESIGN
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ABSTRACT At the request of the Engi
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CONTENTS 1 Introduction ...........
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E Structural analysis of blades ...
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INTRODUCTION members. Today EWB-DK
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INTRODUCTION Figure 1.2: Left pictu
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INTRODUCTION 6
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PROBLEM STATEMENT reconfigured with
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PROBLEM STATEMENT 10
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METHODOLOGY Figure 3.1: Flow chart
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METHODOLOGY 14 3.1 Calculation meth
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CONCEPTUALISATION the kinetic wind
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CONCEPTUALISATION Figure 4.3: (a) D
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CONCEPTUALISATION issues due to tur
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CONCEPTUALISATION 22 Figure 4.8: Ty
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CONCEPTUALISATION � Darrieus 24 F
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CONCEPTUALISATION 26 Figure 4.13: G
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CONCEPTUALISATION Figure 4.14: Powe
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CONCEPTUALISATION 30 ID Requirement
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CONCEPTUALISATION most suitable sol
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CONCEPTUALISATION The embodiment de
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DESIGN PRESENTATION The main dimens
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DESIGN PRESENTATION The design prop
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DESIGN PRESENTATION The background
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ROTOR 42 6.1 Number of blades Moder
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ROTOR 44 Figure 6.4: Blade design s
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ROTOR Table 6.3 provides a material
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ROTOR Figure 6.7 displays the lift
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ROTOR Figure 6.9: Rotor power outpu
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ROTOR 6.2.3 Manufacturing During th
Page 61 and 62: ROTOR 54 The three sides of the tem
Page 63 and 64: ROTOR When the carving process is f
Page 65 and 66: ROTOR 58 Figure 6.17: Blade attachm
Page 67 and 68: ROTOR 60 Figure 6.19: Rotor power o
Page 69 and 70: ROTOR 62 Figure 6.22: Efficiency
Page 71 and 72: ROTOR sidering the output from the
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Page 75 and 76: GENERATOR AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEM 68
Page 77 and 78: GENERATOR AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEM The
Page 79 and 80: GENERATOR AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEM Fig
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Page 83 and 84: YAW AND FURLING For an upwind wind
Page 85 and 86: YAW AND FURLING (16), which are bol
Page 87 and 88: YAW AND FURLING 80 8.2 Furling syst
Page 89 and 90: YAW AND FURLING 82 8.3 Summary The
Page 91 and 92: TOWER Concrete tower 84 Figure 9.1:
Page 93 and 94: TOWER 86 Figure 9.4: Turbulent air
Page 95 and 96: TOWER Figure 9.7 shows the tower ba
Page 97 and 98: TOWER models [41, p. 111]. Under ce
Page 99 and 100: ALTERNATIVE BLADE DESIGN 92 10.1 Ai
Page 101 and 102: ALTERNATIVE BLADE DESIGN 94 10.3 Su
Page 103 and 104: DESIGN EVALUATION 96 6 W Low-cost m
Page 105 and 106: DESIGN EVALUATION Weaknesses 1) The
Page 107 and 108: FURTHER DEVELOPMENT � Foundation
Page 109 and 110: FURTHER DEVELOPMENT 102
Page 111: CONCLUSION proposal is highly flexi
Page 115 and 116: NOMENCLATURE Lgs Distance between u
Page 117 and 118: NOMENCLATURE 110
Page 119 and 120: BIBLIOGRAPHY [14] Magenn Power Inc.
Page 121 and 122: BIBLIOGRAPHY [53] H. J. Larsen, H.
Page 123 and 124: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSBASIS FOR CALCUL
Page 139 and 140: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSROTOR THEORY Thi
Page 141 and 142: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSROTOR THEORY 134
Page 143 and 144: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSROTOR THEORY Cho
Page 145 and 146: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSROTOR THEORY 138
Page 147 and 148: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSROTOR DESIGN TOO
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Page 151 and 152: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSAIRFOIL With the
Page 153 and 154: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSAIRFOIL Complete
Page 155 and 156: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSSTRUCTURAL ANALY
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LIST OF ATTACHMENTSSTRUCTURAL ANALY
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LIST OF ATTACHMENTSBLADE ATTACHMENT
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LIST OF ATTACHMENTSSTRUCTURAL VERIF
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LIST OF ATTACHMENTSTOWER ANALYSIS T
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LIST OF ATTACHMENTSFURLING AND YAW
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LIST OF ATTACHMENTSALTERNATIVE AIRF
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LIST OF ATTACHMENTSCOMPLIANCE WITH
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