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Figure H.3: Division of the flange into part a and part b TOWER ANALYSIS The neutral axis y-y of the connection is located at the position of equilibrium between the static moments of the areas a and b. The area moment of inertia for the tension loaded bolts, about the neutral axis of the bolt connection, is determined from: (H.11) Where Dpc is the bolt pitch diameter of 210 mm and a is 1.43, calculated from [65, p. 91]. � is a function of the ratio between the width of the flange and the tension stress area of the bolt, divided with the arc length between each bolt. It is found to be 0.6 in [65]. This yields: Iy.a � � � � The area moment of inertia of the compression loaded flange is determined to be: Iy.b � � � � Dpc 2 Where b is 38.4 mm, calculated from [65, p. 93]. The two contributions are added and total area moment of inertia for the bolt connection is calculated: Dpc � � � 2 3 b � � � � � � 3 a� � � � 1 2 � sin( 2 ) � 4 cos ( ) sin( ) � 2( � ) cos ( ) 2 Iy.a 1.20 10 7 � mm 4 = 1 2 � sin( 2 ) � 4 cos ( ) sin( ) � 2 cos ( ) 2 Iy Iy.a � Iy.b 1.30 10 7 � mm 4 � � � � � � � � � 1.07 10 6 � mm 4 (H.12) (H.13) (H.14) 199
LIST OF ATTACHMENTSTOWER ANALYSIS The highest tension stress occurs in at the greatest distance from the neutral axis. The above tension stress is used to calculate the maximum bolt tension force, which is compared to the limit state of the bolt. This is done in att. 16, using prevalent methods described in [55]. From this it is verified that the limit states of the most stressed bolt is not exceeded. 200 t.bolt MyT H.3 Load case H � � � � Dpc Dpc cos ( ) 2 2 � In load case H the bending moment at the lifting point, i.e. the upper guy wires, is: The equivalent moment from load case G in cross-section 1 is multitudes higher and it is therefore not necessary to check the tower stresses of this load case. Iy MT � 3.79 kN m � � � � 114 MPa (H.15) (H.16)
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WIND TURBINE DESIGN
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ABSTRACT At the request of the Engi
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CONTENTS 1 Introduction ...........
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E Structural analysis of blades ...
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INTRODUCTION members. Today EWB-DK
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INTRODUCTION Figure 1.2: Left pictu
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INTRODUCTION 6
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PROBLEM STATEMENT reconfigured with
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PROBLEM STATEMENT 10
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METHODOLOGY Figure 3.1: Flow chart
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METHODOLOGY 14 3.1 Calculation meth
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CONCEPTUALISATION the kinetic wind
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CONCEPTUALISATION Figure 4.3: (a) D
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CONCEPTUALISATION issues due to tur
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CONCEPTUALISATION 22 Figure 4.8: Ty
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CONCEPTUALISATION � Darrieus 24 F
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CONCEPTUALISATION 26 Figure 4.13: G
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CONCEPTUALISATION Figure 4.14: Powe
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CONCEPTUALISATION 30 ID Requirement
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CONCEPTUALISATION most suitable sol
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CONCEPTUALISATION The embodiment de
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DESIGN PRESENTATION The main dimens
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DESIGN PRESENTATION The design prop
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DESIGN PRESENTATION The background
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ROTOR 42 6.1 Number of blades Moder
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ROTOR 44 Figure 6.4: Blade design s
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ROTOR Table 6.3 provides a material
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ROTOR Figure 6.7 displays the lift
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ROTOR Figure 6.9: Rotor power outpu
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ROTOR 6.2.3 Manufacturing During th
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ROTOR 54 The three sides of the tem
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ROTOR When the carving process is f
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ROTOR 58 Figure 6.17: Blade attachm
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ROTOR 60 Figure 6.19: Rotor power o
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ROTOR 62 Figure 6.22: Efficiency
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ROTOR sidering the output from the
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ROTOR 66
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GENERATOR AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEM 68
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GENERATOR AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEM The
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GENERATOR AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEM Fig
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GENERATOR AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEM 74
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YAW AND FURLING For an upwind wind
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YAW AND FURLING (16), which are bol
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YAW AND FURLING 80 8.2 Furling syst
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YAW AND FURLING 82 8.3 Summary The
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TOWER Concrete tower 84 Figure 9.1:
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TOWER 86 Figure 9.4: Turbulent air
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TOWER Figure 9.7 shows the tower ba
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TOWER models [41, p. 111]. Under ce
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ALTERNATIVE BLADE DESIGN 92 10.1 Ai
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ALTERNATIVE BLADE DESIGN 94 10.3 Su
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DESIGN EVALUATION 96 6 W Low-cost m
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DESIGN EVALUATION Weaknesses 1) The
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FURTHER DEVELOPMENT � Foundation
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FURTHER DEVELOPMENT 102
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CONCLUSION proposal is highly flexi
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NOMENCLATURE Abbreviation Descripti
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NOMENCLATURE Lgs Distance between u
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NOMENCLATURE 110
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BIBLIOGRAPHY [14] Magenn Power Inc.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY [53] H. J. Larsen, H.
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LIST OF ATTACHMENTSBASIS FOR CALCUL
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LIST OF ATTACHMENTSROTOR THEORY Thi
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LIST OF ATTACHMENTSROTOR THEORY 134
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LIST OF ATTACHMENTSROTOR THEORY Cho
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LIST OF ATTACHMENTSROTOR THEORY 138
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LIST OF ATTACHMENTSROTOR DESIGN TOO
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LIST OF ATTACHMENTSROTOR DESIGN TOO
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LIST OF ATTACHMENTSAIRFOIL With the
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LIST OF ATTACHMENTSAIRFOIL Complete
Page 155 and 156: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSSTRUCTURAL ANALY
Page 191 and 192: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSBLADE ATTACHMENT
Page 197 and 198: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSSTRUCTURAL VERIF
Page 203 and 204: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSTOWER ANALYSIS T
Page 205: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSTOWER ANALYSIS T
Page 209 and 210: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSFURLING AND YAW
Page 221 and 222: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSALTERNATIVE AIRF
Page 231: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSCOMPLIANCE WITH
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