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BASIS FOR CALCULATIONS [35] E. Audierne, J. Elizondo, L. Bergami, H. Ibarra and O. Probst, "Applied Energy: Analysis of the furling behavior of small wind turbines," 2009. [36] E. Hau, Wind Turbines: Fundamentals, Technologies, Application, Economics. Berlin: Springer, 2006. [37] H. Wagner, Introduction to Wind Energy Systems: Basics, Technology and Operation. Beerlin: Springer, 2009. [38] Elian Energy, Residential Wind Energy : It's a Breeze. Retrieved: 12/7/2010. URL: http://www.future-alternative-energy.net/residential-wind-energy.html. [39] P. Gipe, Wind Power: Renewable Energy for Home, Farm, and Business. White River Junction, Vt.: Chelsea Green, 2004. [40] Rainbow Power Company Ltd., Wind Turbine FAQ. Retrieved: 12/7/2010. URL: http://www.rpc.com.au/products/windturbines/wind_faq.html. [41] R. D. Ziemian, Guide to Stability Design Criteria for Metal Structures. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons, 2010. [42] Autonopedia, Wind Turbine Blades from Plastic Pipe - Autonopedia. Retrieved: 12/7/2010. URL: http://autonopedia.org/renewable_energy/Wind/Wind_Turbine_Blades_From_Plastic_Pip e.html. [43] GreenTerraFirma, Making PVC Wind Turbine Blades. Retrieved: 12/7/2010. URL: http://greenterrafirma.com/making-pvc-wind-turbine-blades.html. [44] Research and Development Group, PVC Wind Turbine Blades « Research and Development Group. Retrieved: 12/7/2010. URL: http://antitsunami.wordpress.com/2010/03/26/pvc-wind-turbine-blades/. [45] R. W. Prouty, Helicopter Performance, Stability, and Control. Malabar, Fla.: Krieger Publishing Company, 2003. [46] S. Gundtoft, Wind Turbines. Engineering College of Aarhus, 2008. [47] I. H. Abbott, Theory of Wing Sections. 1959. [48] F. Kurtulmus, A. Vardar and N. Izli, "Aerodynamic Analyses of Different Wind Turbine Blade Profile," 2007. [49] G. Dimitriadis, "Experimental aerodynamics. lecture 5: Experimental characteristics of wing sections", Universite de Liege [50] Airfoil Investigation Database, NACA-4412. Retrieved: 12/7/2010. URL: http://www.worldofkrauss.com/foils/793. [51] The Wood Explorer Database, Pinus Taeda. Retrieved: 12/7/2010. URL: http://www.thewoodexplorer.com/maindata/we924.html. [52] S. Lekhnitskii, Theory of Elasticity of an Anisotropic Elastic Body. San Francisco: Holden-Day, 1963. 113
BIBLIOGRAPHY [53] H. J. Larsen, H. Riberholt and Statens Byggeforskningsinstitut, Trækonstruktioner. Beregning. Hørsholm: Statens Byggeforskningsinstitut, 1999. [54] D. Muhs, D. Jannasch, J. Vossiek and H. Wittel, "Roloff / Matek Maschinenelemente: Tabellen,", 2007. [55] D. Muhs, D. Jannasch, J. Vossiek and H. Wittel, Roloff / Matek Maschinenelemente. Wiesbaden: Friedr. Vieweg & Sohn Verlag | GWV Fachverlage GmbH, Wiesbaden, 2007. [56] I. Dimension, 3D Printers: Dimension 1200 Series Specs. Retrieved: 12/7/2010. URL: http://www.dimensionprinting.com/3d-printers/printing-productspecs1200series.aspx. [57] P. Fuglsang, I. Antoniou, C. Bak and H. A. Madsen, "Wind Tunnel Test of the RISØ-1 Airfoil," 1998. [58] M. Ashby and D. R. H. Jones, Engineering Materials 1: An Introduction to Properties, Applications and Design. Oxford: Elsevier, 2006. [59] R. Dominy, P. Lunt, A. Bickerdyke and J. Dominy, Eds., The Self-Starting Capability of a Darrieus Turbine. University of Durham, 2006. [60] C. Munk and S. Gundtoft, MIFLD1: Basics - Fluid Mechanic. Engineering College of Aarhus, 2010. [61] S. Fahey, Performance Testing a Homebrew Axial Flux Generator. 2007. URL: http://www.greenenergywindturbine.com/download/AXIAL_FLUX_Testing_V2%5B1%5D .pdf. [62] SIMPSON Strong-Tie, Bulldog Mellemlæg. Retrieved: 12/9/2010. URL: http://www.strongtie.dk/page229.aspx?recordid229=134. [63] NASA - National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Inclination Effects on Lift and Drag. Retrieved: 12/10/2010. URL: http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K- 12/airplane/kiteincl.html. [64] F. M. White, Fluid Mechanics. New York: McGraw-Hill Education, 2008. [65] H. O. Nielsen, Uddrag Af Stålkonstruktioner M504: Dimensionering Af Cirkelformet Flangeforbindelse. Engineering College of Aarhus. [66] NASA - National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Open Return Wind Tunnel. Retrieved: 12/10/2010. URL: http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K- 12/airplane/tunoret.html 114
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WIND TURBINE DESIGN
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ABSTRACT At the request of the Engi
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CONTENTS 1 Introduction ...........
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E Structural analysis of blades ...
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INTRODUCTION members. Today EWB-DK
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INTRODUCTION Figure 1.2: Left pictu
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INTRODUCTION 6
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PROBLEM STATEMENT reconfigured with
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PROBLEM STATEMENT 10
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METHODOLOGY Figure 3.1: Flow chart
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METHODOLOGY 14 3.1 Calculation meth
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CONCEPTUALISATION the kinetic wind
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CONCEPTUALISATION Figure 4.3: (a) D
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CONCEPTUALISATION issues due to tur
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CONCEPTUALISATION 22 Figure 4.8: Ty
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CONCEPTUALISATION � Darrieus 24 F
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CONCEPTUALISATION 26 Figure 4.13: G
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CONCEPTUALISATION Figure 4.14: Powe
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CONCEPTUALISATION 30 ID Requirement
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CONCEPTUALISATION most suitable sol
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CONCEPTUALISATION The embodiment de
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DESIGN PRESENTATION The main dimens
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DESIGN PRESENTATION The design prop
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DESIGN PRESENTATION The background
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ROTOR 42 6.1 Number of blades Moder
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ROTOR 44 Figure 6.4: Blade design s
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ROTOR Table 6.3 provides a material
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ROTOR Figure 6.7 displays the lift
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ROTOR Figure 6.9: Rotor power outpu
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ROTOR 6.2.3 Manufacturing During th
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ROTOR 54 The three sides of the tem
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ROTOR When the carving process is f
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ROTOR 58 Figure 6.17: Blade attachm
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ROTOR 60 Figure 6.19: Rotor power o
Page 69 and 70: ROTOR 62 Figure 6.22: Efficiency
Page 71 and 72: ROTOR sidering the output from the
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Page 75 and 76: GENERATOR AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEM 68
Page 77 and 78: GENERATOR AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEM The
Page 79 and 80: GENERATOR AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEM Fig
Page 81 and 82: GENERATOR AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEM 74
Page 83 and 84: YAW AND FURLING For an upwind wind
Page 85 and 86: YAW AND FURLING (16), which are bol
Page 87 and 88: YAW AND FURLING 80 8.2 Furling syst
Page 89 and 90: YAW AND FURLING 82 8.3 Summary The
Page 91 and 92: TOWER Concrete tower 84 Figure 9.1:
Page 93 and 94: TOWER 86 Figure 9.4: Turbulent air
Page 95 and 96: TOWER Figure 9.7 shows the tower ba
Page 97 and 98: TOWER models [41, p. 111]. Under ce
Page 99 and 100: ALTERNATIVE BLADE DESIGN 92 10.1 Ai
Page 101 and 102: ALTERNATIVE BLADE DESIGN 94 10.3 Su
Page 103 and 104: DESIGN EVALUATION 96 6 W Low-cost m
Page 105 and 106: DESIGN EVALUATION Weaknesses 1) The
Page 107 and 108: FURTHER DEVELOPMENT � Foundation
Page 109 and 110: FURTHER DEVELOPMENT 102
Page 111 and 112: CONCLUSION proposal is highly flexi
Page 113 and 114: NOMENCLATURE Abbreviation Descripti
Page 115 and 116: NOMENCLATURE Lgs Distance between u
Page 117 and 118: NOMENCLATURE 110
Page 119: BIBLIOGRAPHY [14] Magenn Power Inc.
Page 123 and 124: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSBASIS FOR CALCUL
Page 139 and 140: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSROTOR THEORY Thi
Page 141 and 142: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSROTOR THEORY 134
Page 143 and 144: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSROTOR THEORY Cho
Page 145 and 146: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSROTOR THEORY 138
Page 147 and 148: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSROTOR DESIGN TOO
Page 149 and 150: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSROTOR DESIGN TOO
Page 151 and 152: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSAIRFOIL With the
Page 153 and 154: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSAIRFOIL Complete
Page 155 and 156: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSSTRUCTURAL ANALY
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LIST OF ATTACHMENTSSTRUCTURAL ANALY
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LIST OF ATTACHMENTSBLADE ATTACHMENT
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LIST OF ATTACHMENTSSTRUCTURAL VERIF
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LIST OF ATTACHMENTSTOWER ANALYSIS T
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LIST OF ATTACHMENTSFURLING AND YAW
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LIST OF ATTACHMENTSALTERNATIVE AIRF
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LIST OF ATTACHMENTSCOMPLIANCE WITH
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