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STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF BLADES Figure E.41: Shear stress parallel to fibres in longtitudal (z) direction of the blade The stresses are summarised and compared to the limit states in table E.15. Compressionparallel to grain [MPa] Compressionperpendicular to grain [MPa] Shear parallel to grain [MPa] Shear perpendicular to grain [MPa] Tension perpendicular to grain [MPa] Tension parallel to grain Limit state stress 15 1.6 2.9 0.82 1.0 27 [MPa] Design stress 9.8 0.24 0.36 0.08 0.43 0.51 0.20 0.38 8.6 Table E.15: Summary of results and comparison to limit states The limit state stresses are not exceeded by the design stresses and the structural integrity of the blade is therefore verified for the loads of the present load case. 177
LIST OF ATTACHMENTSSTRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF BLADES E.10 Deflection analysis According to IEC 61400-2 it shall be verified that no deflections affecting the wind turbine’s safety occur in the design load cases. One of the most important considerations is to verify that no mechanical interference between the blade and tower can occur, that is, no part of the blade shall hit the tower under any of the design load cases. Verification is ac- complished through a critical deflection analysis, which checks the serviceability limit state by comparing the no-load clearance LTB of figure E.42 with the maximum tip deflection. 178 Figure E.42: No-load clearance between blade and tower The largest radial blade deflection (in the x-direction of figure E.42) occurs in load case C. Figure E.43 below shows the deflection in mm. Figure E.43: Radial deflection (x) of the blade in load case C
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WIND TURBINE DESIGN
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ABSTRACT At the request of the Engi
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CONTENTS 1 Introduction ...........
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E Structural analysis of blades ...
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INTRODUCTION members. Today EWB-DK
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INTRODUCTION Figure 1.2: Left pictu
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INTRODUCTION 6
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PROBLEM STATEMENT reconfigured with
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PROBLEM STATEMENT 10
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METHODOLOGY Figure 3.1: Flow chart
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METHODOLOGY 14 3.1 Calculation meth
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CONCEPTUALISATION the kinetic wind
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CONCEPTUALISATION Figure 4.3: (a) D
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CONCEPTUALISATION issues due to tur
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CONCEPTUALISATION 22 Figure 4.8: Ty
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CONCEPTUALISATION � Darrieus 24 F
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CONCEPTUALISATION 26 Figure 4.13: G
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CONCEPTUALISATION Figure 4.14: Powe
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CONCEPTUALISATION 30 ID Requirement
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CONCEPTUALISATION most suitable sol
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CONCEPTUALISATION The embodiment de
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DESIGN PRESENTATION The main dimens
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DESIGN PRESENTATION The design prop
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DESIGN PRESENTATION The background
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ROTOR 42 6.1 Number of blades Moder
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ROTOR 44 Figure 6.4: Blade design s
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ROTOR Table 6.3 provides a material
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ROTOR Figure 6.7 displays the lift
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ROTOR Figure 6.9: Rotor power outpu
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ROTOR 6.2.3 Manufacturing During th
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ROTOR 54 The three sides of the tem
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ROTOR When the carving process is f
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ROTOR 58 Figure 6.17: Blade attachm
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ROTOR 60 Figure 6.19: Rotor power o
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ROTOR 62 Figure 6.22: Efficiency
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ROTOR sidering the output from the
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ROTOR 66
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GENERATOR AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEM 68
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GENERATOR AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEM The
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GENERATOR AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEM Fig
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GENERATOR AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEM 74
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YAW AND FURLING For an upwind wind
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YAW AND FURLING (16), which are bol
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YAW AND FURLING 80 8.2 Furling syst
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YAW AND FURLING 82 8.3 Summary The
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TOWER Concrete tower 84 Figure 9.1:
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TOWER 86 Figure 9.4: Turbulent air
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TOWER Figure 9.7 shows the tower ba
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TOWER models [41, p. 111]. Under ce
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ALTERNATIVE BLADE DESIGN 92 10.1 Ai
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ALTERNATIVE BLADE DESIGN 94 10.3 Su
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DESIGN EVALUATION 96 6 W Low-cost m
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DESIGN EVALUATION Weaknesses 1) The
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FURTHER DEVELOPMENT � Foundation
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FURTHER DEVELOPMENT 102
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CONCLUSION proposal is highly flexi
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NOMENCLATURE Abbreviation Descripti
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NOMENCLATURE Lgs Distance between u
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NOMENCLATURE 110
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BIBLIOGRAPHY [14] Magenn Power Inc.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY [53] H. J. Larsen, H.
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LIST OF ATTACHMENTSBASIS FOR CALCUL
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Page 133 and 134: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSBASIS FOR CALCUL
Page 139 and 140: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSROTOR THEORY Thi
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Page 143 and 144: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSROTOR THEORY Cho
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Page 147 and 148: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSROTOR DESIGN TOO
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Page 151 and 152: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSAIRFOIL With the
Page 153 and 154: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSAIRFOIL Complete
Page 155 and 156: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSSTRUCTURAL ANALY
Page 183: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSSTRUCTURAL ANALY
Page 191 and 192: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSBLADE ATTACHMENT
Page 197 and 198: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSSTRUCTURAL VERIF
Page 203 and 204: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSTOWER ANALYSIS T
Page 209 and 210: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSFURLING AND YAW
Page 221 and 222: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSALTERNATIVE AIRF
Page 231: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSCOMPLIANCE WITH
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