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And the fatigue limit state: STRUCTURAL VERIFICATION OF SHAFT For purpose of the structural strength calculations, the following cross-sectional proper- ties are established from the dimensions on figure G.1. Cross-sectional area: Section modulus: The cross-sectional stresses from the forces and moments within each load case are calculated and compared with the limit values in the following paragraphs. Load case A W S A S � � lim.f The fatigue stress ranges are calculated individually from the thrust loading (�FxS), the torsion moment (�MxS) and the bending moment (�MS): � � 32 � xS � MS � MS � f k � m � f � 4 D2 d 2 � D 4 � � � � 288 MPa � � 393 mm 2 d 4 � D �F xS A S �M S W S �M xS 2W S � The resulting equivalent stress is calculated and compared to the design limit stress: � � 2 �eq � �xS � �MS � �eq � �lim.f 2.13 10 3 � mm 3 � 0.52 MPa � 53.9 MPa � 9.05 MPa 2 � 3�MS � 56.7 MPa (G.3) (G.4) (G.5) (G.6) (G.7) (G.8) (G.9) (G.10) 191
LIST OF ATTACHMENTSSTRUCTURAL VERIFICATION OF SHAFT Load case B The bending stress is calculated from (G.11) and subsequently compared to the design limit stress: Load case D The axial stress is calculated below and compared to the design limit stress: Load case E The shaft bending stresses are calculated from (G.15) and subsequently compared to the design limit stress: Load case F The shaft torsion stress is calculated from (G.17): The stress is compared to the shear strength of the material [55, p. 45] Where f� is equal to 0.58. 192 � MS � xS � MS � MS � � M S W S � 84.2 MPa �MS � �lim.u � � � xS F xS A S M S W S � 1.0 MPa � �lim.u � 67.9 MPa �MS � �lim.u M xS 2W S � 15.3 MPa f� �lim.u � 63.3 MPa �MS � f� �lim.u (G.11) (G.12) (G.13) (G.14) (G.15) (G.16) (G.17) (G.18) (G.19)
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WIND TURBINE DESIGN
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ABSTRACT At the request of the Engi
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CONTENTS 1 Introduction ...........
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E Structural analysis of blades ...
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INTRODUCTION members. Today EWB-DK
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INTRODUCTION Figure 1.2: Left pictu
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INTRODUCTION 6
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PROBLEM STATEMENT reconfigured with
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PROBLEM STATEMENT 10
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METHODOLOGY Figure 3.1: Flow chart
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METHODOLOGY 14 3.1 Calculation meth
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CONCEPTUALISATION the kinetic wind
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CONCEPTUALISATION Figure 4.3: (a) D
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CONCEPTUALISATION issues due to tur
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CONCEPTUALISATION 22 Figure 4.8: Ty
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CONCEPTUALISATION � Darrieus 24 F
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CONCEPTUALISATION 26 Figure 4.13: G
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CONCEPTUALISATION Figure 4.14: Powe
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CONCEPTUALISATION 30 ID Requirement
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CONCEPTUALISATION most suitable sol
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CONCEPTUALISATION The embodiment de
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DESIGN PRESENTATION The main dimens
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DESIGN PRESENTATION The design prop
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DESIGN PRESENTATION The background
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ROTOR 42 6.1 Number of blades Moder
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ROTOR 44 Figure 6.4: Blade design s
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ROTOR Table 6.3 provides a material
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ROTOR Figure 6.7 displays the lift
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ROTOR Figure 6.9: Rotor power outpu
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ROTOR 6.2.3 Manufacturing During th
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ROTOR 54 The three sides of the tem
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ROTOR When the carving process is f
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ROTOR 58 Figure 6.17: Blade attachm
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ROTOR 60 Figure 6.19: Rotor power o
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ROTOR 62 Figure 6.22: Efficiency
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ROTOR sidering the output from the
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ROTOR 66
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GENERATOR AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEM 68
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GENERATOR AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEM The
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GENERATOR AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEM Fig
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GENERATOR AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEM 74
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YAW AND FURLING For an upwind wind
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YAW AND FURLING (16), which are bol
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YAW AND FURLING 80 8.2 Furling syst
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YAW AND FURLING 82 8.3 Summary The
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TOWER Concrete tower 84 Figure 9.1:
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TOWER 86 Figure 9.4: Turbulent air
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TOWER Figure 9.7 shows the tower ba
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TOWER models [41, p. 111]. Under ce
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ALTERNATIVE BLADE DESIGN 92 10.1 Ai
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ALTERNATIVE BLADE DESIGN 94 10.3 Su
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DESIGN EVALUATION 96 6 W Low-cost m
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DESIGN EVALUATION Weaknesses 1) The
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FURTHER DEVELOPMENT � Foundation
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FURTHER DEVELOPMENT 102
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CONCLUSION proposal is highly flexi
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NOMENCLATURE Abbreviation Descripti
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NOMENCLATURE Lgs Distance between u
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NOMENCLATURE 110
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BIBLIOGRAPHY [14] Magenn Power Inc.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY [53] H. J. Larsen, H.
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LIST OF ATTACHMENTSBASIS FOR CALCUL
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LIST OF ATTACHMENTSROTOR THEORY Thi
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LIST OF ATTACHMENTSROTOR THEORY 134
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LIST OF ATTACHMENTSROTOR THEORY Cho
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LIST OF ATTACHMENTSROTOR THEORY 138
Page 147 and 148: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSROTOR DESIGN TOO
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Page 151 and 152: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSAIRFOIL With the
Page 153 and 154: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSAIRFOIL Complete
Page 155 and 156: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSSTRUCTURAL ANALY
Page 191 and 192: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSBLADE ATTACHMENT
Page 197: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSSTRUCTURAL VERIF
Page 201 and 202: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSSTRUCTURAL VERIF
Page 203 and 204: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSTOWER ANALYSIS T
Page 209 and 210: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSFURLING AND YAW
Page 221 and 222: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSALTERNATIVE AIRF
Page 231: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSCOMPLIANCE WITH
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