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F Blade attachment The present appendix contains detailed statement of the blade joint dimensions and a verification of the structural integrity of the blade attachment. Both are in accordance with guidelines of the Danish Building Research Institute (DBRI). The blade attachment is assumed to be an asymmetrical <strong>sin</strong>gle shear joint connection of two wooden members with different thicknesses, in which the fibre direction is parallel to the load direction. The joint connection is principally illustrated on figure F.1. As described in section 6.2.4 the joint is reinforced with a press-in connector, which is not shown on figure F.1. Load case E of appendix A.3 is considered as the worst case loading sceanrio for the joint connection. Figure F.1: Shear joint connection with asymmetrical members 183
LIST OF ATTACHMENTSBLADE ATTACHMENT The dimensions of the joint components are listed in table F.1. Description Symbol Value Bolt diameter db 12.0 mm Thickness of member 1 t1 32.0 mm Thickness of member 2 t2 63.0 mm Table F.1: Dimensions the joint connection The thickness of member 2 is set to 63 mm to simulate the relative stiffness of the steel front disc of the generator, which is the actual component that the blades are attached to. The thickness of 63 mm is selected, as the load capacity does not increase for thicknesses larger than this [31, p. 69-70]. Due to the relative large thickness of member 2, it is assumed that twisting in the bolted joint, as illustrated in figure F.2, will not occur. 184 Figure F.2: Twisting in a bolted connection The load capacity in the calculations is based on un-tightened bolts, <strong>sin</strong>ce wood creeps during loading. This means that any pre-loading would eventually be reduces to zero as a function of time, due to factors such as temperature, moisture and load variations [31, p. 67]. According to DBRI, the ultimate limit state for the joint connection is given by [31, p.38]: kmod Fk Flim.u � � m� f Where kmod is a modification factor that compensates for load duration, moisture content, and temperature. Fk is the characteristic capacity of the joint connection and γm is the material partial coefficient, taking into account uncertainties in determining Fk. The values of these variables are determined on basis of the assumptions listed in table F.2 [31, p. 68]: (F.1)
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WIND TURBINE DESIGN
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ABSTRACT At the request of the Engi
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CONTENTS 1 Introduction ...........
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E Structural analysis of blades ...
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INTRODUCTION members. Today EWB-DK
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INTRODUCTION Figure 1.2: Left pictu
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INTRODUCTION 6
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PROBLEM STATEMENT reconfigured with
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PROBLEM STATEMENT 10
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METHODOLOGY Figure 3.1: Flow chart
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METHODOLOGY 14 3.1 Calculation meth
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CONCEPTUALISATION the kinetic wind
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CONCEPTUALISATION Figure 4.3: (a) D
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CONCEPTUALISATION issues due to tur
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CONCEPTUALISATION 22 Figure 4.8: Ty
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CONCEPTUALISATION � Darrieus 24 F
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CONCEPTUALISATION 26 Figure 4.13: G
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CONCEPTUALISATION Figure 4.14: Powe
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CONCEPTUALISATION 30 ID Requirement
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CONCEPTUALISATION most suitable sol
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CONCEPTUALISATION The embodiment de
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DESIGN PRESENTATION The main dimens
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DESIGN PRESENTATION The design prop
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DESIGN PRESENTATION The background
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ROTOR 42 6.1 Number of blades Moder
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ROTOR 44 Figure 6.4: Blade design s
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ROTOR Table 6.3 provides a material
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ROTOR Figure 6.7 displays the lift
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ROTOR Figure 6.9: Rotor power outpu
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ROTOR 6.2.3 Manufacturing During th
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ROTOR 54 The three sides of the tem
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ROTOR When the carving process is f
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ROTOR 58 Figure 6.17: Blade attachm
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ROTOR 60 Figure 6.19: Rotor power o
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ROTOR 62 Figure 6.22: Efficiency
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ROTOR sidering the output from the
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ROTOR 66
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GENERATOR AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEM 68
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GENERATOR AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEM The
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GENERATOR AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEM Fig
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GENERATOR AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEM 74
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YAW AND FURLING For an upwind wind
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YAW AND FURLING (16), which are bol
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YAW AND FURLING 80 8.2 Furling syst
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YAW AND FURLING 82 8.3 Summary The
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TOWER Concrete tower 84 Figure 9.1:
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TOWER 86 Figure 9.4: Turbulent air
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TOWER Figure 9.7 shows the tower ba
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TOWER models [41, p. 111]. Under ce
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ALTERNATIVE BLADE DESIGN 92 10.1 Ai
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ALTERNATIVE BLADE DESIGN 94 10.3 Su
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DESIGN EVALUATION 96 6 W Low-cost m
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DESIGN EVALUATION Weaknesses 1) The
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FURTHER DEVELOPMENT � Foundation
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FURTHER DEVELOPMENT 102
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CONCLUSION proposal is highly flexi
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NOMENCLATURE Abbreviation Descripti
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NOMENCLATURE Lgs Distance between u
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NOMENCLATURE 110
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BIBLIOGRAPHY [14] Magenn Power Inc.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY [53] H. J. Larsen, H.
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LIST OF ATTACHMENTSBASIS FOR CALCUL
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Page 139 and 140: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSROTOR THEORY Thi
Page 141 and 142: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSROTOR THEORY 134
Page 143 and 144: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSROTOR THEORY Cho
Page 145 and 146: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSROTOR THEORY 138
Page 147 and 148: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSROTOR DESIGN TOO
Page 149 and 150: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSROTOR DESIGN TOO
Page 151 and 152: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSAIRFOIL With the
Page 153 and 154: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSAIRFOIL Complete
Page 155 and 156: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSSTRUCTURAL ANALY
Page 189: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSSTRUCTURAL ANALY
Page 193 and 194: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSBLADE ATTACHMENT
Page 195 and 196: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSBLADE ATTACHMENT
Page 197 and 198: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSSTRUCTURAL VERIF
Page 203 and 204: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSTOWER ANALYSIS T
Page 209 and 210: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSFURLING AND YAW
Page 221 and 222: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSALTERNATIVE AIRF
Page 231: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSCOMPLIANCE WITH
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