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I Furling and yaw analysis This appendix contains a calculation of the yaw orientation system, which validates the ability of the wind turbine to approximately align itself in a situation where the wind speed changes from near zero to 4 m/s, where power production is initiated. The appendix also contains a verification of the overall functionality of the furling mechanism, which con- firms that furling is initiated at a wind speed of 14 m/s. Finally the appendix contains a calculation of the contact pressure in the bearings of the yaw system. I.1 Yaw system For the yaw system to turn the wind turbine into the wind, the frictional forces in the mechanism must be overcome. The following frictional forces are considered: � Bearing frictional forces due to dead-weight of components, e.g. tail, rotor and generator � Bearing frictional forces due to thrust on the rotor In the calculations it is assumed that the rotor is positioned at an arbitrary angle and is at standstill due to a wind speed of 0 m/s. It is checked that the forces on the tail vane will properly align the rotor with the wind when the wind speed is suddenly increased to 4 m/s, where power production is initiated. Analysis of the yaw behaviour during operation is beyond the scope of this project for the reasons mentioned in section 8.1. The following paragraphs contain calculation of bearing forces due to the various loads. These are followed by calculation of the frictional moment that must be overcome by the yaw mechanism. 201
LIST OF ATTACHMENTSFURLING AND YAW ANALYSIS Reaction moments due to dead-weight The mass of the tower-top components induces dead-weight loads on the bearings in the yaw system. SolidWorks is used to find the mass centres of the components that create bearing reaction moments about the x-axis and y-axis, shown on figure I.1. Figure I.1: Moment about x-axis (top) and y-axis (bottom) due to dead-load of components These dead-weight loads lead to a positive moment about the y-axis and a negative moment about the x-axis, according to a positive clock-wise direction of calculating. The val- ues calculated in att. 7, are shown in table I.1. 202
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WIND TURBINE DESIGN
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ABSTRACT At the request of the Engi
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CONTENTS 1 Introduction ...........
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E Structural analysis of blades ...
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INTRODUCTION members. Today EWB-DK
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INTRODUCTION Figure 1.2: Left pictu
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INTRODUCTION 6
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PROBLEM STATEMENT reconfigured with
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PROBLEM STATEMENT 10
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METHODOLOGY Figure 3.1: Flow chart
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METHODOLOGY 14 3.1 Calculation meth
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CONCEPTUALISATION the kinetic wind
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CONCEPTUALISATION Figure 4.3: (a) D
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CONCEPTUALISATION issues due to tur
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CONCEPTUALISATION 22 Figure 4.8: Ty
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CONCEPTUALISATION � Darrieus 24 F
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CONCEPTUALISATION 26 Figure 4.13: G
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CONCEPTUALISATION Figure 4.14: Powe
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CONCEPTUALISATION 30 ID Requirement
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CONCEPTUALISATION most suitable sol
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CONCEPTUALISATION The embodiment de
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DESIGN PRESENTATION The main dimens
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DESIGN PRESENTATION The design prop
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DESIGN PRESENTATION The background
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ROTOR 42 6.1 Number of blades Moder
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ROTOR 44 Figure 6.4: Blade design s
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ROTOR Table 6.3 provides a material
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ROTOR Figure 6.7 displays the lift
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ROTOR Figure 6.9: Rotor power outpu
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ROTOR 6.2.3 Manufacturing During th
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ROTOR 54 The three sides of the tem
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ROTOR When the carving process is f
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ROTOR 58 Figure 6.17: Blade attachm
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ROTOR 60 Figure 6.19: Rotor power o
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ROTOR 62 Figure 6.22: Efficiency
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ROTOR sidering the output from the
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ROTOR 66
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GENERATOR AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEM 68
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GENERATOR AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEM The
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GENERATOR AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEM Fig
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GENERATOR AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEM 74
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YAW AND FURLING For an upwind wind
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YAW AND FURLING (16), which are bol
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YAW AND FURLING 80 8.2 Furling syst
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YAW AND FURLING 82 8.3 Summary The
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TOWER Concrete tower 84 Figure 9.1:
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TOWER 86 Figure 9.4: Turbulent air
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TOWER Figure 9.7 shows the tower ba
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TOWER models [41, p. 111]. Under ce
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ALTERNATIVE BLADE DESIGN 92 10.1 Ai
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ALTERNATIVE BLADE DESIGN 94 10.3 Su
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DESIGN EVALUATION 96 6 W Low-cost m
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DESIGN EVALUATION Weaknesses 1) The
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FURTHER DEVELOPMENT � Foundation
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FURTHER DEVELOPMENT 102
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CONCLUSION proposal is highly flexi
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NOMENCLATURE Abbreviation Descripti
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NOMENCLATURE Lgs Distance between u
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NOMENCLATURE 110
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BIBLIOGRAPHY [14] Magenn Power Inc.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY [53] H. J. Larsen, H.
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LIST OF ATTACHMENTSBASIS FOR CALCUL
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LIST OF ATTACHMENTSROTOR THEORY Thi
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LIST OF ATTACHMENTSROTOR THEORY 134
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LIST OF ATTACHMENTSROTOR THEORY Cho
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LIST OF ATTACHMENTSROTOR THEORY 138
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LIST OF ATTACHMENTSROTOR DESIGN TOO
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LIST OF ATTACHMENTSROTOR DESIGN TOO
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LIST OF ATTACHMENTSAIRFOIL With the
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LIST OF ATTACHMENTSAIRFOIL Complete
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LIST OF ATTACHMENTSSTRUCTURAL ANALY
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Page 191 and 192: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSBLADE ATTACHMENT
Page 197 and 198: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSSTRUCTURAL VERIF
Page 203 and 204: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSTOWER ANALYSIS T
Page 205 and 206: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSTOWER ANALYSIS T
Page 207: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSTOWER ANALYSIS T
Page 211 and 212: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSFURLING AND YAW
Page 221 and 222: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSALTERNATIVE AIRF
Page 231: LIST OF ATTACHMENTSCOMPLIANCE WITH
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