Complete Report - University of New South Wales

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ARCPHOTOVOLTAICSCENTRE OFEXCELLENCE2010/11ANNUAL REPORTSeventy SPREE students illustrated their final year thesis work on 22 October2010 in the largest yet of the school’s graduating classes.roof of the UNSW Electrical Engineering building.The students worked on realistic conceptualapplications such as toilet flushing in the buildingwith excess stormwater, water supply for a ruralvillage or stock watering on a cattle station. Fortheir demonstration project, they were requiredto provide nominal flow rate and storage todemonstrate the concept. The skills learnt aredirectly applicable to solar water pumping fora wide range of applications, including in ruralvillages around the world.5.1.2.5 Solar Thermal Water HeatingProjectIn our daily life, we are using lots of hot water fordifferent purposes, needing a considerable amountof electrical or other energy sources. In this projectthe students learned how to use solar thermalenergy to heat cold water. In this project studentstudied the basic principle of solar heating systemand designed a new water heating system. Theyhave also learned what materials should be usedin the systems and investigated the possibilitiesto improve the design for better conversionefficiency. They built their designed systems usingtheir selected materials, as shown in the followingfigures. They tested their systems and collected andanalysed data to find conversion efficiency, costevaluation, etc.5.1.2.6 UNSW Sunswift ProjectOver the past year, second year SPREE studentshave helped to design and build several majorcomponents of the UNSW solar car, which placedthe first in the silicon class in the 2009 Global GreenChallenge (GGC), the premier international solar carrace. The result was the best result achieved by theteam in its 14 year history.Students were involved in two solar car relatedprojects – design and construction of thephotovoltaic array that powers the car, andconstruction of the lightweight compositecomponents that reduce the weight, and hence theenergy usage of the car.ArrayThe solar array is essentially an off-grid solarsystem, with the added complications of veryfragile modules, and the requirement that it mustwithstand the conditions of driving 3000km ofdusty, bumpy road.The students designed the module and array sizingto conform to the race regulations, and selectedthe appropriate cabling and bypass diodes. Theyalso performed array calculations and simulationsin order to calculate the optimum wiring schemethat allowed for maximum output power, themost efficient battery charging, and maximumrobustness against shading.Two types of cells were used for maximumefficiency, standard industrial cells, and UNSWproducedTopcell cells. The team characterisedthe Topcells, initially by open-circuit voltagemeasurements, and later by full IV sweeps. The cellswere then encapsulated, with assistance from CSGSolar, and assembled into modules.Finally, the array team and other Sunswift membersassembled the array, mounting and soldering thefragile modules onto the solar car.CompositesCarbon fibre composites are extremely strong,lightweight materials, which are currently used,e.g. in aeroplanes and wind farms, to increase theenergy conversion efficiency of the systems.The composites team had the substantial job ofbuilding the carbon fibre composite componentsfor a car which was almost entirely carbon fibre.These included the top shell, which housed thesolar array, the bottom shell, which formed thestructural chassis to safely house the driver, andthe structural components which held the braking,steering and suspension systems. The team alsosuccessfully constructed the first new carbon fibrewheels for the car in 8 years. The wheels are themost complicated composite part to construct,require a great deal more care and attention, andmust be thoroughly tested. The new wheels were110
ARCPHOTOVOLTAICSCENTRE OFEXCELLENCE2010/11ANNUAL REPORTUpper: Copper pipes mounted on a copper sheet for water heating.Lower: A complete system with glass covered on top.Student-built thermal water heating system for domestic use in their 2nd year project.manufactured extremely well, and performedbeautifully over the 3000km of rough terrain.The construction of all of the components took oversix months, and was done at the Boeing Aerospacefacilities in Bankstown. Boeing sponsored theteam the carbon fibre and other materials, andthe students learned how to work with compositematerials from the experts.The carbon work on the car by these studentswas easily some of the highest quality work in afield of 40 international solar cars, including semiprofessional teams, and also suffered no issuesduring the race.5.1.3 Fourth Year ThesisThe thesis project is usually completed in the lasttwo sessions of an engineering undergraduatestudent’s studies. Students may start their project ineither semester. They undertake directed laboratoryand/or other research work on an approvedsubject under guidance of the School’s academicstaff, sometimes with industry participation orco-supervision. Typically, the thesis involves thedesign and construction of experimental apparatustogether with practical tests. Each student isrequired to present a seminar in their first semesterand submit a written report and present an OpenDay poster in their second semester.Some students finished and presented theirprojects at the end of Semester 1, 2010. ThePhotovoltaic and Solar Energy Thesis Poster Prizewas won by Lei Zhang (Laser Doping TechniqueInvestigation and Optimisation for High EfficiencyLaser Doped Solar Cells Fabrication). The RenewableEnergy Engineering Thesis Poster Prize was won byNicholas Boerema (Renewable Energy Integrationinto the National Electricity Market). Other projectscoming to completion at that time were concernedwith wind energy and its grid integration, annealingeffects on silicon thin film solar cells, determinationof carrier diffusion length and saturation currentdensity in silicon solar cells, laser doped emittersand back surface fields, metalization effects on theoptical properties of nanostructure silicon, highefficiency dye sensitised solar cells, optimization ofhigh temperature ITO, time of flight measurementsetup, sustainable transport, building integratedPV system design and testing, evaluation of pv/diesel mini grid applications in the NT, solarpower for a weeding robot, silicon quantum dots,design of a domestic solar water heating system,performance assessment and evaluation of theUNSW Quad building’s rooftop PV System, feasibilityof electric cars in Sydney, management strategiesfor building sustainability, and deploying energyefficiency policy to offset cost of meeting MRET inthe residential sector, energy efficiency in buildings& Greenstar.The Poster Prize selection in November 2010,for students completing at end of Semester 2,resulted in a wins for Hua Fan for his poster about“Solar Electrolysis System for Remote Productionof Disinfectant Solutions” (Photovoltaic andSolar Energy) and Kah Howe Chan for his posteron “Wind and other renewable energies at theUNSW Wellington property” (Renewable EnergyEngineering). The other topics on which theseswere completed included: study of carrier transportmechanism in organic semiconductor for differentelectrode metals for organic solar cells, laserdoping of thin film silicon solar cells, wind energyforecasting, impact of electric vehicles on LVelectrical network, optical fibre/nanowire hybridstructures for dye-sensitized solar cells, design ofmetamorphic tandem solar cells, the 46% efficientcell project: cell modelling & testing, comparisonof properties of Si QD film treated by rapid thermalannealing and converntional furnace annealing,feasibility study of biogas/electric hybrid cars,benefits of NSW wind power for the NEM, electricalcharacterisation of Ge nanocrystals embeddedin amorphous silica matrix, 46% efficient splitspectrum cells, biogas production on a Wisconsinfarm, Investigation of n/p-type doping of GeNcs in SiO 2towards tandem photovoltaic cells,optimisation of thermal annealing parameters onplanarisation and electrical properties of thin-filmpoly-crystalline silicon solar cells on glass, homecharging for electric vehicles, reduction in office111
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Complete Report - University of New South Wales

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