14 SPECIES PLANTARUM — FLORA OF THE WORLD (2002) Figure 4. Pa<strong>to</strong>sia clandestina. A, habit of clone (<strong>to</strong>p) and a single shoot (right); B, leaf with basal sheath, channelled central part, and slightly dorsiventrally flattened distal part with finely serrate margin; C, staminate flower, note one bracteole; D, androecium, note mucronate anthers and rudimentary pistillode; E, single anther, note short filament and apical mucronate tip; F, pistillode from staminate flower, note three rudimentary stigmas; G, pistillate flower with protruding stigmas; H, gynoecium. (A–H, Johns<strong>to</strong>n 4925). Scale bars: A = 5 cm; B–H = 1 mm. Drawn by H. Fukuda. Reproduced with permission, from H.Balslev, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 68: 47, fig. 23 (1996), © 1996, The New York Botanical Garden.
<strong>JUNCACEAE</strong> 5. DISTICHIA Distichia Nees & Meyen, in F.J.F.Meyen, Observ. Bot. 128 (1843) Type: Distichia muscoides Nees & Meyen Goudotia Decne., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 3, 4: 83 (1845); Distichia Nees & Meyen sect. Goudotia (Decne.) Benth. & Hook.f., Gen. Pl. 3: 367 (1883). T: Goudotia <strong>to</strong>limensis Decne. Agapatea Steud., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 14: 391 (1856), nom.inval.; Agapatea Steud. ex Buchenau, Abh. Naturwiss. Vereine Bremen 4: 124 (1874), nom. inval. Perennials with branched suberect rhizomes, glabrous, cushion-forming. Stems ±regularly forked and covered with persisting leaves which are wilted in proximal part and live in the most distal part. Leaves regularly densely and strictly distichously inserted along stem, with a wide sheath clasping the leaf above; blade shorter than or equalling sheath, terete. Inflorescence reduced <strong>to</strong> a single lateral subterminal flower. Plants dioecious. Bracteoles 2–4, minute, scarious. Tepals lanceolate, 4–10 mm long. Staminate flower long pedicellate. Stamens 6, with linear mucronate anthers about 10 times as long as the filaments. Pistillate flower short pedicellate; ovary on short gynophore; style with 3 filiform papillose stigmas. Capsule unilocular, lifted on a gynophore at ripening. Seeds many; outer seed-coat loose, irregularly wrinkled. Three species confined <strong>to</strong> the high Andes from Colombia and Ecuador <strong>to</strong> N Chile and N Argentina. 1 Leaf apex bluntly acute, without hair-like extension 1. D. muscoides 1: Leaf apex with hair-like extension or long acuminate 2 Leaf blade gradually tapering <strong>to</strong> the tip; auricles absent 2. D. filamen<strong>to</strong>sa 2: Leaf blade linear, with tip long acuminate; auricles present 3. D. acicularis 1. Distichia muscoides Nees & Meyen, in F.J.F.Meyen, Observ. Bot. 129 (1843) T: Peru, Puno, Pisacoma, 4500 m, Apr 1831, Meyen s.n.; holo: B, probably destroyed; syn: BR, P, pho<strong>to</strong> QCA. Goudotia <strong>to</strong>limensis Decne., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 3, 4: 85 (1845); Distichia <strong>to</strong>limensis (Decne.) Buchenau, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 1: 141 (1880). T: Colombia, Tolima, 4600–5000 m, Feb 1828, J.Goudot s.n.; holo: P; iso: G, K, P. Gaimardia boliviana Pax, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 5: 225 (1908). T: Bolivia, La Paz, am Fusse des Murarata Swamps, 5000 m, Oct 1906, O.Buchtien 836; holo: B, probably destroyed; lec<strong>to</strong>: US, fide H.Balslev, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 68: 43 (1996); isolec<strong>to</strong>: UPS, pho<strong>to</strong> NY. Agapatea peruviana Steud., in W.Lechler, Berberid. Amer. Austral. 56 (1857), nom.inval. Orig. coll.: Peru, Agapata, Jul 1854, W.Lechler 1954 (G, GOET, K, M, P, all p.p.). Illustrations: F.G.P.Buchenau, in H.G.A.Engler, Pflanzenr. (iv.36) 25: 34, fig. 27 (1906) as D. <strong>to</strong>limensis; M.Barros, Darwiniana 10: 290, fig. 2 (1953); H.Balslev, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 68: 40, fig. 20A-C, 44, fig. 22I-J (1996); H.Balslev, in [The Asahi Shinbun World of Plants; in Japanese] 122: 35 (1996). Perennials forming dense hard cushions up <strong>to</strong> several meters in diam. Single plants 5–15 cm long, with ±regularly forked shoots, covered with shor, strictly distichous persistent stramineous or rarely dark brown wilted leaves, with only 2 or 3 most distal leaves green and projecting above the cushion. Leaves 1–2 cm long, inserted 1–2 mm apart; sheaths usually two thirds of entire leaf length, open, wide, V-shaped in T.S., with narrow and scarious margins, almost completely clasping the sheath of the leaf above; blade bluntly acute. Flowers in a subterminal leaf axil. Tepals subequal, 4.5–7.5 mm long. Staminate flowers on filiform pedicels 1–2 cm long. Stamens 2.0–3.5 mm long; anthers 1.8–3.0 mm long; filaments c. 0.2–0.3 mm long. Pistillate flowers hidden in the sheath of the supporting leaf, with only stigmas projecting above the shoot apex; style filiform, exceeding tepals; stigmas half as long as style. Gynophore elongating at fruit ripening, lifting the capsule slightly above the cushion. Capsule ellipsoid <strong>to</strong> ovoid, apically acute <strong>to</strong> slightly apiculate or obtuse, 5–7 × 2.5–3.5 mm, irregularly dehiscing, yellow-brown, unilocular. Seeds oblong, 1.0–1.5 × 0.5–1.0 mm, covered by the thick white outer seed-coat. Fig. 1, 5. 15