46 SPECIES PLANTARUM — FLORA OF THE WORLD (2002) Juncoides major (Hook.) Piper, in C.V.Piper & R.K.Beattie, Fl. N.W. Coast 92 (1915); <strong>Luzula</strong> arcuata β [unranked] major Hook., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 189 (1838). T: USA, Washing<strong>to</strong>n, Pierce Co., Mt Rainier, F.W.Tolmie; holo: K. <strong>Luzula</strong> wahlenbergii f. americana Kurz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 411 (1894). T: USA, Alaska, Lynn Canal, ‘Dejäh’, 1882, A.Krause & A.Krause; lec<strong>to</strong>: S, fide L.Hämet-Ahti, Ann. Bot. Fenn. 8: 377 (1971); isolec<strong>to</strong>: UPS. <strong>Luzula</strong> parviflora var. yezoensis Satake, in T.Nakai & M.Honda, Nov. Fl. Jap. 1: 27 (1938); <strong>Luzula</strong> parviflora subsp. yezoensis (Satake) Hultén, Fl. Alaska 297 (1968), nom. inval. T: Japan, Hokkaido, Prov. Ishikari, Mt Daisetsu, Jul 1931, Y.Satake; holo: TI; iso (fragment): KYO. Illustrations: L.Hämet-Ahti, Aquilo, Ser. Bot., 3: 18, fig. 2, 3, 4 (1965). Maps: L.Hämet-Ahti, Aquilo, Ser. Bot., 3: 18, fig. 5 (1965); L.Hämet-Ahti, Ann. Bot. Fenn. 8: 378, fig. 6 (1971); J.Coffey Swab, Fl. North Amer. 22: 259 (2000). Perennials 20–30 (–35) cm tall, caespi<strong>to</strong>se, bluish green, subglabrous; rhizome short or ascending; s<strong>to</strong>lons absent. Basal leaves 5–10 cm long, 3–4 mm wide; cauline leaves 3, linear, <strong>to</strong> 3–7 cm long, 3–5 mm wide. All leaves with papillose-serrulate margins; tip acute. Lower bract brownish, ciliate, <strong>to</strong> c. 1 cm long. Inflorescence conspicuously nodding, usually c. 5 × 3 cm, usually 30–60-flowered; flowers borne singly. Bracteoles ±ovate, membranous, often ±pale brownish, <strong>to</strong> c. 1.5 mm long, ciliate. Tepals equal, glabrous, ±lanceolate, acute, (1.8–) 2.0–2.3 (–2.5) mm long, dark brown. Stamens 6; anthers (0.3–) 0.4–0.6 (–0.8) mm long; filaments c. 0.5 mm long; style 0.2–0.4 mm long; stigmas c. 1 mm long. Capsule oblong-ellipsoid, subacuminate <strong>to</strong> acute, ±castaneous-brown, exceeding perianth; capsule segments 1.8–2.2 (–2.4) × 1.0–1.2 mm. Seeds pale (yellowish) brown, narrowly ellipsoid, 1.0–1.2 mm long, 0.5–0.6 mm wide; appendage indistinct; base sparsely fibrillate. 2n=24, fide L.Hämet-Ahti & V.Virrankoski, Ann. Bot. Fenn. 8: 158 (1971). Fig. 11. Western North America from the northernmost California, Idaho and Wyoming <strong>to</strong> Alaska; Kuril Islands, Russian Far East, and Hokkaido, Japan. 31: KAM, KUR, PRM. 38: JAP. 70: ALU, ALA, YUK. 71: ABT, BRC. 73: IDA, MNT, ORE, WAS, WYO. 76: CAL. Snowbeds and mesic heaths in the mountains and in the north. Map 38. 31. KURIL IS.: Paramushir, Kassivobara, 29 Sep 1946, D.Vorobev (VLA); Shumshu, J.Ohwi & H.Yoshii 5644 (KYO). 38. JAPAN: Ishikari, Mt Daisetsu, Takaminega-hara, K.Inagaki 163351 (TNS). 70. ALEUTIAN IS.: Atka, W.J.Eyerdam 1038 (S). ALASKA: Skagway, J.P.Anderson 1646a (S); Chugach Mtns, Thompson Pass, L.Hämet-Ahti 860 (H). 71. ALBERTA: Banff National Park, Lake Louise, C.J.F.Skottsberg s.n. (UPS). BRITISH COLUMBIA: Tenquille Lake area, Crown Mtn, 1800 m, Beamish & K.Vrugtman 60980 (OULU). 73. OREGON: Mt Hood, 29 Jul 1886, T.Howell (P). WASHINGTON: Cascade Mtns, Stevens Pass Region, Aug 1929, J.M.Grant (PR, S). 19. <strong>Luzula</strong> hitchcockii Hämet-Ahti, Ann. Bot. Fenn. 8: 370 (1971) <strong>Luzula</strong> glabrata var. hitchcockii (Hämet-Ahti) Dorn, Vasc. Pl. Wyoming 297 (1988). T: USA, Idaho, Valley Co., Saw<strong>to</strong>oth Mts, Gold Fork Lookout, 8000 ft, J.W.Thompson 13769; holo WTU; iso: MICH, PR, UC, US. Illustrations: C.L.Hitchcock et al., Vasc. Pl. Pacif. Northw. 1: 218 (1969) as L. glabrata; L.Hämet-Ahti, Ann. Bot. Fenn. 8: 371, fig. 2 (1971). Maps: L.Hämet-Ahti, Ann. Bot. Fenn. 8: 369, fig. 1 (1971); J.Coffey Swab, Fl. North Amer. 22: 259 (2000). Perennials (20–) 25–30 cm tall, loosely caespi<strong>to</strong>se, bright green; rhizome branched, creeping-ascending; s<strong>to</strong>lons usually ascending. Basal leaves usually <strong>to</strong> 10 cm long, 5–6 mm wide; cauline leaves 3–4, 2–6 cm long, 6–8 (–10) mm wide. All leaves with papilloseserrulate margins; tip acute. Lower bract herbaceous, <strong>to</strong> 2.5 cm long, conspicuously shorter than inflorescence; middle bracts brownish or purplish membranous, ciliate. Inflorescence loose, ±nodding <strong>to</strong> suberect, many-flowered, c. 8 × 6 cm; flowers borne singly or less often in 2-flowered clusters. Bracteoles membranous, often suffused castaneous, <strong>to</strong> 1.5 mm long. Tepals equal, glabrous, lanceolate, (2.5–) 2.7–3.0 (–3.5) mm long, acute, dark brown <strong>to</strong> castaneous brown. Stamens 6; anthers (1.0–) 1.2–1.5 (–1.6) mm long; filaments 0.4–0.6 mm long; style 0.5–1.0 mm long; stigmas 1.5–2.5 mm long. Capsule ovoid, acute-trigonous, dark castaneous-brown, exceeding perianth; capsule segments (2.8–) 3.0–3.5 (–3.8) × 1.8–2.0 mm, with a beak <strong>to</strong> 0.9 mm long. Seeds dark brown, ±ellipsoid, c. 1.5 mm long, c. 0.7 mm wide;
<strong>JUNCACEAE</strong> (<strong>Luzula</strong>) Figure 11. <strong>Luzula</strong> piperi. A, habit; B, flower with bracteoles; C, seed. <strong>Luzula</strong> hitchcockii. D, habit; E, flower with bracteoles; F, seed. <strong>Luzula</strong> parviflora subsp. parviflora. G, habit; H, flower with bracteoles; I, seed. Drawn by J.R.Janish. Reproduced with permission, from C.L.Hitchcock, A.Cronquist, M.Ownbey & J.W.Thompson, Vasc. Pl. Pacific Northw. 1: 216 (1969). © University of Washing<strong>to</strong>n Press. 47
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