16 SPECIES PLANTARUM — FLORA OF THE WORLD (2002) Figure 5. Distichia acicularis. A, habit, staminate plant; B, shoot apex with staminate flower; C, leaf; D, shoot apex with stigmas protruding from pistillate flower; E, staminate flower; F, stamen; G, pistillate flower; H, gynoecium. (A-H, Laegaard 53236, AAU). Distichia muscoides. I, J, leaves, note conical blade and lacking auricles. (I, J, Laegaard 53111, AAU). Scale bars: A = 5 cm; B, C, D, I, J = 10 mm; E, F = 5 mm; G, H = 5 mm. Drawn by K. Tind. Originally published in Nordic J. Bot. 6: 152, fig. 1 (1986), reproduced with permission, from H.Balslev, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 68: 44, fig. 22 (1996), © Lunds Botaniska Förening, © 1996, The New York Botanical Garden.
<strong>JUNCACEAE</strong> (Distichia) Confined <strong>to</strong> the Andes from Colombia <strong>to</strong> northern Argentina. 83: BOL, CLM, ECU, PER. 85: AGW. In high-altitude paramo and puna vegetation, in boggy depressions and wet slopes with springs, usually from 4000–4600 m. The dense cushions are cut out and kept near houses, where they are used as fuel for cooking and heating by highland Indians. Map 13. 83. BOLIVIA: La Paz, Lago Zongo, S side of Huayna Po<strong>to</strong>sí, 4700 m, H.Balslev & S.G.Beck 1145 (AAU, CAS, LPB, NY); Oruro, Carangas, Sajama, 4200–5000 m, E.Asplund 3984 (NY, S, UPS). COLOMBIA: Caldas, Nevado del Ruiz, Termales, 4200–4500 m, J.-H.Humbert et al. 27076 (COL, GH, NY, S, SI, U, W); Santander, Páramo de Santurbán near Vetas, 3950–4160 m, E.P.Killip & Smith 17576 (C, COL, F, GH, NY, S). ECUADOR: Azuay, Lago Luspa, 3800 m, Ramsay 121 et al. (K); Chimborazo, E slope of Mt Chimborazo, 4200 m, E.Asplund 7807 (AAU, BR, CAS, K, NY, S, UPS). PERU: Arequipa, Pichu Pichu, 4100 m, D.Stafford 691 (BM, K); Pasco, Huayllay, 4230–4610 m, Boeke 1098 (AAU, NY). 85. ARGENTINA NORTHWEST: Salta, Los Andes, 15 km N of Abra del Gallo, 4400 m, A.Charpin & L.J.Novara AC20775 (K); Tucumán, Cerro de las Animas, 4300 m, L.Castillón 6038 (LIL). 2. Distichia filamen<strong>to</strong>sa Buchenau, Junc. S.-Amer. 369 (1879) T: Bolivia, La Paz, Larecaja, Sorata, Laguna de Juriquana prope Anilaya, 4500 m, ii–iv 1860, G.Mandon 1443 p.p.; syn: G, GH, K, NY, P, S, UPS. Agapatea filamen<strong>to</strong>sa Buchenau, Abh. Naturwiss. Vereine Bremen 4: 124 (1874), nom. inval.; Distichia filamen<strong>to</strong>sa Griseb., Symb. Fl. Argent. 318 (1879), nom. inval. Original material: Bolivia, La Paz, Sorata, San Pedro, 4500 m, 1860, G.Mandon 1443 p.p.; GOET. Perennials forming small cushions; shoots regularly forked, covered with short strictly distichous persistent stramineous or rarely dark brown wilted leaves, with only distal leaves green. Leaves c. 8–15 mm long; sheaths usually 6–8 mm long, c. 3–4 mm wide, with margins membranous; auricles ±not developed; blade usually 6–12 mm long, subconical-cylindric; tip with a 2–4 mm long filamen<strong>to</strong>us extension. Flowers in a subterminal leaf axil. Tepals subequal, 4.5–7.5 mm long. Staminate flowers on 1–2 cm long filiform pedicels. Stamens 2.0–3.5 mm long; anthers 1.8–3.0 mm long; filaments c. 0.2–0.3 mm long. Pistillate flowers hidden in the sheath of the supporting leaf, with only stigmas projecting above the shoot apex; style filiform, exceeding the tepals; stigmas half as long as style. Gynophore elongating at fruit ripening, lifting the capsule slightly above the cushion. Capsule ellipsoid <strong>to</strong> ovoid, subobtuse, mucronulate, 8–9 mm long. Seeds c. 1.5 mm long. A species known from the high Andes of La Paz province, Bolivia, from Arequipa in Peru and disjunctly from the province of Tarapaca in N Chile. 83: BOL, PER. 85: CLN. Flat shores of small ponds in alpine bogs, usually at 4000–4800 m. Map 14. 83. BOLIVIA: La Paz, Sorata, San Pedro, 4500 m, G.Mandon 1443 p.p. (GOET); La Paz, Lago Zongo, S side of Huayna Po<strong>to</strong>sí, 4700 m, H.Balslev & S.G.Beck 1146 (AAU, CAS, LPB, NY); La Paz, Mt Sorata, 4400 m, A.W.Hill 487 (B, K); La Paz, Murillo <strong>6.</strong>4 km NE of La Cumbre, 4250 m, J.C.Solomon & Uehling 12133 (AAU, MO); La Paz, from El Cumbre <strong>to</strong> Coroico, E of the pass, 4800–4920 m, 18 Jul 1995, S.Laegaard 17669 (AAU). PERU: Arequipa, Chucara Crater, 16 Jan 1999, 4700 m, B.Ruthsatz & S.G.Beck 10126 (AAU). 85. CHILE: Tarapacá, Parinacota, 4820 m, B.Ruthsatz 8541 (AAU). 3. Distichia acicularis Balslev & Laegaard, Nord. J. Bot. 6: 151 (1986) T: Ecuador, Azuay, Páramo de Soldados, 3700 m, 24 Oct 1984, S.Laegaard 53236; holo: AAU; iso: GB, K, NY, QCA, QCNE. Illustrations: H.Balslev & S.Laegaard, Nord. J. Bot. 6: 152, fig. 1A-H (1986); H.Balslev, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 68: 44, fig. 22A-H (1996). Map: H.Balslev & S.Laegaard, Nord. J. Bot. 6: 153, fig. 2 (1986). Perennials forming loose cushions up <strong>to</strong> 50 cm in diam. Individual plants consisting of ±regularly forked shoots 5–15 cm long; proximal parts covered with stramineous wilted leaves; distal part with 6–8 green leaves. Leaves 1–2 cm long, completely clasping one another by the sheaths; sheaths equalling blades or shorter, 1.0–2.5 mm wide, U-shaped in T.S., with margins scarious; auricles pointed or rounded, 1–3 mm long, papery; blade linear, terete, 0.5–1.0 mm wide; apex drawn out in<strong>to</strong> a long pointed tip. Staminate flower pedicels 1.5–3.0 cm long; tepals linear-lanceolate, 5–8 mm long; stamens 2–6 mm long; gynoecium rudimentary, c. 1.5 mm long. Pistillate flower on pedicel c. 1 mm long; tepals linear- 17
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