Part 6. JUNCACEAE 1: Rostkovia to Luzula - Species Plantarum ...

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18 SPECIES PLANTARUM — FLORA OF THE WORLD (2002) lanceolate 7–10 mm long; ovary ovoid, c. 1 × 0.5 mm long; style 4–6 mm long; stigmas 5–7 mm long. Fruit and seed unknown. Fig. 5. Found in the Western Cordillera of the Ecuadorian Andes at 1–3° S latitude. 83: ECU. High altitude spring bog areas, in seeping water, along streams, 3200–4200 m. Map 15. 83. ECUADOR: Azuay, Páramo las Cajas W of Sayausí and Cuenca, 4100 m, H.Balslev 1481 (AAU, NY, QCA); Azuay, Páramo de Soldados, 3700–3800 m, S.Laegaard 53240 (UPS); Bolívar, road between Guaranda and Riobamba at km 10, 3200 m, S.Laegaard 51275 (AAU, MO, QCA); Chimborazo, Azul–Osogachi road, 4000–4200 m, S.Laegaard 71009 (AAU, QCA); Cotopaxi, road between Latacunga and Quevedo, 18 km W of Pujilí, 3700 m, H.Balslev 1060 (AAU, NY, QCA); Tungurahua, road between Ambato and Guaranda, 3800 m, S.Laegaard 51265 (AAU, QCA, QCNE). 6. LUZULA Luzula DC. in J.B.A.P. de M. de Lamarck & A.P. de Candolle, Fl. Franç., 3rd edn, 3: 158 (1805), nom. cons. Juncoides Ség., Pl. Veron. 3: 88 (1754), nom. rejic. T: Luzula campestris (L.) DC. Luzula sect. Gymnodes Griseb., Spic. Fl. Rumel. 2: 405 (1846); Gymnodes (Griseb.) Fourr., Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, sér. 2, 17: 172 (1869); Juncoides sect. Gymnodes (Griseb.) Kuntze in T.E. von Post & C.E.O.Kuntze, Lex. Gen. Phan. 303 (1903). T: not designated. Nemorinia Fourr., Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, sér. 2, 17: 172 (1869). T: Luzula forsteri (Sm.) DC. [see Luzula subg. Pterodes] Perennial (rarely annual) herbs, rhizomatous, seldom cushion-forming, with sparsely to densely ciliate leaves, rarely leaves abaxially hairy; trichomes simple, many-celled. Leaves scale-like on rhizomes, bractlike below the inflorescence, usually narrowly linear, rarely linear-lanceolate, flat to concave; sheaths closed (rarely slightly dissected); auricles absent. Bracts leaf-like to scarious. Inflorescence diverse, usually many-flowered, either cymose with flowers borne singly and pseudo-paniculate, or racemose and then borne singly or in few-flowered clusters in much branched panicles or decompound anthelate inflorescences, or in spike-like clusters, either pedunculate or congested in many-flowered dense heads. Each flower subtended by a small bract at pedicel base and 1–2 subentire to fimbriate bracteoles just below flower. Flowers hermaphrodite, perfect. Tepals 6, equal to ±unequal, ±lanceolate (linear-lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate), glumaceous, glabrous or ciliate-fimbriate. Stamens 3–6; anthers oblong to linear; filaments filiform to linear; ovary sessile; style thin, 0.1–c. 4 mm long; stigmas 3, suberect, twining. Capsule ±ovoid-trigonous, unilocular. Seeds 3, with or without appendages (caruncula); outer seed-coat tight, usually hyaline, less often whitish or brownish. x = 6 (sometimes changed by fragmentation, mostly simultaneous (agmatoploidy), or fusion (x = 3)), fide H.Nordenskiöld, Hereditas 37: 325–355 (1951), 42: 7–73 (1956). A genus of 115 species, almost cosmopolitan, much rarer in the tropics, with major diversity centres in SW Europe, the Far East, W North America, temperate South America (the Andes) and Australia and New Zealand. Not important economically. F.G.P.Buchenau, Monographia Juncacearum, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 12: 1–495 (1890); F.G.P.Buchenau, Juncaceae, in H.G.A.Engler, Pflanzenr. (iv.36) Heft 25: 1–284 (1906); H.Nordenskiöld, Cyto-taxonomical studies in the genus Luzula I, II, Hereditas 37: 325–355 (1951), 42: 7–73 (1956); L.Hämet-Ahti, A synopsis of the species of Luzula, subgenus Anthelaea Griseb. (Juncaceae) indigenous in North America, Ann. Bot. Fenn. 8: 368–381 (1971); V.S.Novikov, Konspekt sistemy roda Luzula DC. (Juncaceae), Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol. 95(6): 63–70 (1990); J.Kirschner, An account of natural hybridization within Luzula sect. Luzula (Juncaceae) in Europe, Preslia 63: 81–112 (1991); J.Kirschner, Karyological differentiation of Luzula sect. Luzula in Europe, Thaiszia 2: 11–39 (1992); J.Kirschner, Taxonomic survey of Luzula sect. Luzula (Juncaceae) in Europe, Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 28: 141–182 (1993). The genus is characterized by chromosomes with diffuse or polycentric centromeres, and, during its evolution, it undergoes (often repeatedly) a simultaneous chromosome
JUNCACEAE (Luzula) fragmentation. The phenomenon is called agmatoploidy; in consequence, a mere chromosome number does not give information about the ploidy level. Chromosome numbers are therefore given with data on karyotype; unfragmented chromosomes are designated AL, half-sized chromosomes BL and quarter-sized ones are called CL. For the compilation of descriptions, seeds were measured in dorsal view, seed length excludes the appendage, and lower flowers of clusters were examined for floral traits (tepals and capsule segments first liberated from inflorescence). KEY TO SUBGENERA AND SECTIONS 1 Annuals; inflorescence cymose; n = 3 subg. 1. Marlenia 1: Perennials; inflorescence racemose; n = 6 2 Seed appendage apical (distal), large subg. 3. Pterodes 2: Seed appendage basal or absent, but distal end of seed sometimes with a minute pale patch of loose outer seed-coat 3 Flowers usually borne singly in the inflorescence, rarely some in groups of 2–5; inflorescence much branched sect. 4. Diprophyllatae 3: Flowers in dense pedunculate clusters or wholly congested, or in groups of (2) 3–5 (to many) flowers in the whole inflorescence; inflorescence sparsely branched, unbranched or much branched 4 Leaf tip obtuse to subobtuse, often slightly swollen, rarely with a spinuliform mucro 5 Leaf tip obtuse, not swollen, with a spinuliform mucro 49. Luzula nivalis 5: Leaf tip obtuse or subobtuse, slightly swollen or not swollen, without spinuliform mucro sect. 7. Luzula 4: Leaf tip acute to acuminate, not swollen 6 Inflorescence usually nodding, less often erect (then stamens 3 or tepals ciliate; high Andes), spike-like or paniculate (a panicle of ±dense spike-like clusters), clusters congested or interrupted at base sect. 5. Alpinae 6: Inflorescence erect to suberect, if slightly nodding then much branched, loose, of (2) 3–5 (20)-flowered groups, anthelate (or corymbose) or umbelloid, of distinct clusters (if congested then stamens 6, tepals glabrous; N hemisphere) 7 Inflorescence much branched, (doubly) anthelate, terminal groups mostly of 2–4 (8) flowers, head-like sect. 1. Anthelaea 7: Inflorescence sparsely branched or unbranched, umbelloid to subcongested, of distinct pedunculate clusters (or wholly contracted), clusters 3–8 (–many)-flowered 8 Tepals ±membranous; seeds ±globose, smooth sect. 2. Atlanticae 8: Tepals coloured (usually castaneous-brown); seeds broadly ovoid to ellipsoid, surface sculptured 9 Seeds 1.7–1.9 × 1.3–1.4 mm; rhizome thick, nodulose sect. 3. Nodulosae 9: Seeds 0.9–1.3 × 0.5–0.3 mm; rhizome thin or indistinct 10 Leaf margin smooth 91. L. acutifolia 10: Leaf margin densely papillose-serrulate sect. 6. Thyrsanochlamydeae 19
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Page 3 and 4: CONTENTS Contributors iv Species Pl
Page 5 and 6: Species Plantarum Steering Committe
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