2009 MAGNET DEVELOPMENT AND INSTRUMENTATIONTowards developing a high T c superconducting magnetHigh critical temperature superconductors (HTS) op<strong>en</strong> extremelyinteresting perspectives for high field applicationssuch as high field magnets for NMR, SMES or physicalinvestigations [J. Schwartz et al., IEEE trans. on Appl. Superc.,18,pp. 70, (2008)]. The demand is high for 25, 30 andev<strong>en</strong> 50 T magnets and is beyond the possibilities offeredby low critical temperature superconductors, for exampleNb 3 Sn. The superconducting solutions for very high fieldsmeet the requirem<strong>en</strong>ts for sustainable developm<strong>en</strong>t.Rutherford cable. These data show that the wires withstandthe cabling process and that they are magnetically isotropic.It will be possible to test the HTS magnets in liquid/gascooling or conduction cooling.Rec<strong>en</strong>tly, the interest for Bi-2212 round wire has be<strong>en</strong> reinforcedfor high field applications [Sh<strong>en</strong> et al., Appl. Phys.Lett. 95, 152516, (2009)] These wires show very high performancein terms of critical curr<strong>en</strong>ts at ultra high fields,at least on short samples. The main issue with Bi-2212 remainsthe heat treatm<strong>en</strong>t, which should be very preciselycontrolled. The melting temperature plays a crucial part andshould be within a window of one or two degrees to obtainthe required highest critical curr<strong>en</strong>ts d<strong>en</strong>sities. Ev<strong>en</strong> morerec<strong>en</strong>tly, the second g<strong>en</strong>eration (2G) HTS conductors, theYBaCuO coated conductors, show also very exciting performancesin terms of curr<strong>en</strong>t capacities under very highfields whereas their mechanical properties are excell<strong>en</strong>t forthe IBAD route. The mechanical performance is of greatimportance for very high field magnets. Substantial advanceshave be<strong>en</strong> achieved with the 2G HTS and they hav<strong>en</strong>ow reached a stage, in terms of l<strong>en</strong>gths, where it is possibleto use them in real devices.Several laboratories in Gr<strong>en</strong>oble (IN, LNCMI, CRETA andG2Elab) have begun works on HTS magnets. IN andG2Elab have built and successfully tested an importantHTS magnet (800 kJ) operating at 20 K in the context of aDGA project. The pres<strong>en</strong>t works are carried out in the contextof a European Project ”EuCARD” and an ANR project”SUPER-SMES”. The purpose is to study the most suitableHTS materials and develop the technology for veryhigh field and high performance HTS magnets for SMES(storage) or high <strong>en</strong>ergy physics (magnets for accelerators)purposes. An id<strong>en</strong>tified issue with HTS magnets is theirprotection and studies have begun both from simulation andexperim<strong>en</strong>tal points of view. In the developm<strong>en</strong>t program,the critical characteristics remain the fundam<strong>en</strong>tal data required.Advanced characterization tools have be<strong>en</strong> developed,in particular to obtain the critical characteristic underhigh fields at variable temperatures and variable field ori<strong>en</strong>tations.After delicate adjustm<strong>en</strong>ts, the system works perfectly.Figure 174 shows the sample holder and the newcryostat under construction to test HTS coils at variabletemperatures in two LNCMI high field magnets. Figure 175shows two PIT Bi-2212 short samples round wires criticalcharacteristics. These wires are extracted from a NexansFigure 174: Sample holder and variable temperature cryostat.Figure 175: Bi-2212 I c (B) performance for round wires.F. Debray, J. P. Domps, E. Mossang, S. DufresnesP. Brosse-Maron, J. P. Leggeri (Institute Neel, Gr<strong>en</strong>oble), J. M. Rey (CEA, IRFU, Saclay), P. Tixador (INP, Gr<strong>en</strong>oble)123
MAGNET DEVELOPMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION 2009Status report of the 42+ Tesla hybrid magnet projectFor a giv<strong>en</strong> electrical power installation, the highest continuousmagnetic fields are obtained with hybrid magnets, i.e.the combination of a resistive inner coil with a superconductingouter one. The base-line for the coil sub-assembliesof the hybrid magnet under construction at LNCMI-G, isgiv<strong>en</strong> in table together with magnetic field contributions.One of the particularities of this <strong>des</strong>ign is to use poly-helixcoil for the innermost part of the resistive insert. The fieldproduced by the poly-helix and Bitter coils are planned tobe further increased, typically up to 36 − 37 T, for the upgradephase of this project.Hybrid compon<strong>en</strong>tsField (baseline)14 series connected helix coils 24.5 T2 series connected Bitter coils 9 T1 superconducting pancake coil 8.5 TTable 2: Subparts of the 42+ Tesla hybrid magnet.The already existing infrastructure of the hybrid magnet hasfixed the maximum dim<strong>en</strong>sions of the superconducting coil,which are listed in table 2 together with the other main parameters.A schematic view of the cryog<strong>en</strong>ics circuits isshown in figure 176. A new helium liquefier producing upto 130 l/h is necessary for the hybrid magnet project as theestimated consumptions in equival<strong>en</strong>t liquid He at 4.5 Kwith and without magnet <strong>en</strong>ergisation are equal to 100 l/hand 65 l/h respectively.Ext<strong>en</strong>sive tests performed in collaboration with the CEA-Saclay and industrial partners have allowed the validationof the conceptual study as well as the preparation of theindustrialization processes.CharacteristicsValuesInner/outer radius550/913 mmHeight1400 mmInductance3 HNominal curr<strong>en</strong>t (8.5 T)7100 AStored Energy76 MJOperating Temperature1.8 KTable 3: Main parameters of the superconducting coil.Figure 176:: Simplified cryog<strong>en</strong>ic process flow diagramThe specification of the superconducting Rutherford Cableon Conduit Conductor (RCOCC) has be<strong>en</strong> prepared and reviewed.The call for t<strong>en</strong>der was issued and the contract forthe production of all unit l<strong>en</strong>gths of the Nb-Ti/Cu Rutherfordcable (∼ 11 km) was signed at the <strong>en</strong>d of 2009.W. Joss, R. Pfister, P. Pugnat, L. RonayetteC. Berriaud, A. Daël, P. Fazilleau, B. Hervieu, F.P. Juster, C. Mayri, J.M. Rifflet (CEA-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France)A. Bourquard, D. Bresson, (Alstom, Belfort, France)124
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LABORATOIRE NATIONAL DES CHAMPS MAG
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TABLE OF CONTENTSPreface 1Carbon Al
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Coexistence of closed orbit and qua
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2009PrefaceDear Reader,You have bef
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2009 CARBON ALLOTROPESInvestigation
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2009 CARBON ALLOTROPESPropagative L
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2009 CARBON ALLOTROPESEdge fingerpr
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2009 CARBON ALLOTROPESObservation o
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2009 CARBON ALLOTROPESTuning the el
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2009 CARBON ALLOTROPESElectric fiel
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2009 CARBON ALLOTROPESMagnetotransp
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2009Two-Dimensional Electron Gas25
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TWO-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON GAS 2009Di
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TWO-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON GAS 2009Sp
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TWO-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON GAS 2009Cr
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TWO-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON GAS 2009In
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