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DISPATCHES13. Kim YJ, Hong JY, Lee HJ, Shin SH, Kim YK, Inada T, et al.Genome type analysis of adenovirus types 3 and 7 isolated duringsuccessive outbreaks of lower respiratory tract infections inchildren. J Clin Microbiol. 2003;41:4594–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.41.10.4594-4599.200314. Gray GC, Setterquist SF, Jirsa SJ, DesJardin LE, Erdman DD.Emergent strain of human adenovirus endemic in Iowa.Emerg Infect Dis. 2005;11:127–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1101.04048415. Noda M, Yoshida T, Sakaguchi T, Ikeda Y, Yamaoka K,Ogino T. Molecular and epidemiological analyses of humanadenovirus type 7 strains isolated from the 1995 nationwideoutbreak in Japan. J Clin Microbiol. 2002;40:140–5.http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.40.1.140-145.2002Address for correspondence: Oon-Tek Ng, Institute of Infectious Diseasesand Epidemiology, Communicable Disease Centre, Tan Tock Seng Hospital,11, Jalan Tan Tock Seng 308433, Singapore; email: oon_tek_NG@ttsh.com.sgLatest Podcasts• Foodborne Illness Retrospective• Novel Eurasian Highly Pathogenic Influenza A H5 Viruses in Wild Birds,Washington, USA, 2014• A History of the Emerging Infectious Diseases Journal• Rates and Risk Factors for Coccidioidomycosis among Prison Inmates,California, USA, 2011• Knemidocoptic Mange in Wild Golden Eagles, California, USA• Dengue Virus Transmission by Blood Stem Cell Donor after Travel toSri Lanka; Germany, 2013• Epidemiology of Human Plague in the United States, 1900–2012• Blastomycosis Mortality Rates, United States, 1990–2010• Pandemic Fear and Literature: Observations from Jack London’sThe Scarlet Plague• Encephalitis Caused by Pathogens Transmitted through Organ Transplants,United States, 2002–2013• Reemergence of Murine Typhus in the US• After the Resistance: The Alamo Today• Musings on Sketches, Artists, and Mosquito Netshttp://www2c.cdc.gov/podcasts/player.asp?f=86264561196 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 21, No. 7, July 2015
Hemagglutinin Receptor Binding of a HumanIsolate of Influenza A(H10N8) VirusIrene Ramos, Mena Mansour, Teddy J. Wohlbold,Megan E. Ermler, Ariana Hirsh,Jonathan A. Runstadler, Ana Fernandez-Sesma,Florian KrammerThree cases of influenza A(H10N8) virus infection in humanshave been reported; 2 of these infected persons died.Characterization of the receptor binding pattern of H10hemagglutinin from avian and human isolates showed thatboth interact weakly with human-like receptors and maintainstrong affinity for avian-like receptors.Human infections with avian influenza A(H10N8) viruswere reported in China during the 2013–14 winterinfluenza season. The first patient, a 73-year old woman,became ill in November 2013 a few days after visiting alive poultry market in Jiangxi Province (1). Two additionalpatients, a 55-year-old woman and a 75-year-old man, wereadmitted to hospitals in the same province in January 2014(2). Severe pneumonia and subsequent acute respiratorydistress syndrome developed in all 3 patients; 2 of the patientsdied, 5 and 6 days after admission (2).Epithelial cells of the human upper respiratory tractcontain mostly α2,6-linked sialic acids (SAα2,6) and lowlevels of α2,3-linked sialic acids (SAα2,3) (3). Hemagglutinin(HA) of avian influenza virus strains shows preferentialbinding to SAα2,3 receptors, which partially accountsfor the reduced ability of avian influenza strains to establishinfections in humans (3). Interaction with SAα2,6 receptorsis one of the requirements for efficient replication in the humanupper respiratory tract. In addition, reduced binding toSAα2,3 facilitates respiratory droplet-based transmissionin ferrets (4). Therefore, emerging avian influenza viruseswith increased binding to SAα2,6 and reduced binding toSAα2,3 pose a major pandemic threat, and active researchand surveillance to detect animal viruses with modified receptorbinding are warranted.The StudyWe analyzed the amino acid sequence of the receptorbinding site of HA from the isolate A/Jiangxi-Donghu/Author affiliations: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai,New York, New York, USA (I. Ramos, M. Mansour, T.J. Wohlbold,M.E. Ermler, A.J. Hirsh, A. Fernandez-Sesma, F. Krammer);Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge Massachusetts,USA (J.A. Runstadler)DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2107.141755346-1/2013 (H10-JD346; Global Initiative on Sharing AvianInfluenza Data [GISAID, http://www.gisaid.org)] accessionno. EPI530526) from the first patient infected by influenzaA(H10N8) virus. In addition, several human and avian influenzaviruses (sequences from GISAID or the National Centerfor Biotechnology Information website) and a recent harborseal isolate (5) were compared with H10-JD346 (Table). Weobserved that residues involved in receptor binding for H10subtype influenza viruses suggest avian-like receptor specificity.However, we identified 2 amino acids in avian andhuman H10, T135 and S186, that are common in circulatinghuman influenza viruses and were associated with changesin receptor binding in other avian influenza A virus subtypes(6,7). In accordance with this finding, Vachieri et al. foundsubstantial levels of binding of an avian H10 HA to SAα2,6that retained the ability to interact with SAα2,3 (8).Given the role of receptor binding specificity of emerginginfluenza viruses, we analyzed the interaction of HA ofthe human H10-JD346 influenza A(H10N8) virus isolate incomparison with that of an avian H10N7 subtype virus. First,we used a solid-phase binding assay (9,10) and the followingbiotinylated glycans conjugated with a polyacrylamide(PAA) support (provided by the Consortium of FunctionalGlycomics [CFG]): Neu5Acα2,6Galβ1–4GlcNAcβ-PAA(6′ SLN-PAA); Neu5Ac±2 6(Gal²1 4GlcNAc²1 3)2β-PAA (6’sDi-LN-PAA); Neu5Acα2,3Galβ1–4GlcNAcβ-PAA(3′ SLN-PAA); Neu5Ac±2 3(Gal²1 4GlcNAc²1 3)2β-PAA (3′sDi-LN-PAA); and Neu5Acα2–3(Galβ1–4GlcNAcβsp)3β-PAA(3′sTri-LN-PAA). We also analyzed recombinanthexahistidine-tagged HAs (11) from H10-JD346, anavian H10N7 subtype strain from North America (A/mallard/InteriorAlaska/10BM01929/2010; H10-mallard), ahuman H3N2 subtype seasonal influenza A virus (A/Panama/2007/1999;H3-P99), and an H5N1 subtype avian influenzavirus from a fatal human case (A/Vietnam/1203/2004;H5-Viet).As expected, H3-P99 bound strongly to the SAα2,6tested, and H5 showed higher levels of binding to SAα2,3than to SAα2,6 (Figure 1, panel A). When we analyzedH10-mallard and H10-JD346, we found a similar bindingprofile, which is consistent with the presence of similaramino acids affecting the receptor binding specificity (Table).Although both H10 proteins had a prevalent avianlikebinding profile, low levels of binding to SAα2,6 werealso observed.To confirm this data, we used a flow cytometry–basedassay and the same synthetic glycans (9,10). We infectedEmerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 21, No. 7, July 2015 1197
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July 2015SynopsisOn the CoverMarian
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1240 Gastroenteritis OutbreaksCause
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SYNOPSISDisseminated Infections wit
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Disseminated Infections with Talaro
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Disseminated Infections with Talaro
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Macacine Herpesvirus 1 inLong-Taile
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Macacine Herpesvirus 1 in Macaques,
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Malaria among Young Infants, Africa
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RESEARCHFigure 3. Dynamics of 19-kD
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Transdermal Diagnosis of MalariaUsi
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RESEARCHFigure 2. A) Acoustic trace
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RESEARCHof malaria-infected mosquit
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Lack of Transmission amongClose Con
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RESEARCH(IFA) and microneutralizati
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RESEARCHoropharyngeal, and serum sa
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RESEARCH6. Assiri A, McGeer A, Perl
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RESEARCHadvanced genomic sequencing
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RESEARCHTable 2. Next-generation se
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RESEARCHTable 3. Mutation analysis
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RESEARCHReferences1. Baize S, Panne
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Parechovirus Genotype 3 Outbreakamo
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Page 78 and 79: RESEARCHpresence of Legionella spp.
Page 80 and 81: Seroprevalence for Hepatitis Eand O
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Page 90 and 91: POLICY REVIEWDutch Consensus Guidel
Page 92 and 93: POLICY REVIEWTable 3. Comparison of
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Page 96 and 97: DISPATCHESFigure 1. Phylogenetic tr
Page 98 and 99: DISPATCHESSevere Pediatric Adenovir
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Page 112 and 113: DISPATCHESFigure 1. Histopathologic
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Page 117 and 118: Influenza Virus Strains in the Amer
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Page 121 and 122: Novel Arenaviruses, Southern Africa
Page 123 and 124: Readability of Ebola Informationon
Page 125 and 126: Readability of Ebola Information on
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Page 129 and 130: Patients under investigation for ME
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Page 137 and 138: Bufavirus in Wild Shrews and Nonhum
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Page 149 and 150: Ebola Virus Stability on Surfaces a
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Outbreak of Ciprofloxacin-Resistant
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Outbreak of S. sonnei, South KoreaT
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Rapidly Expanding Range of Highly P
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Cluster of Ebola Virus Disease, Bon
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Cluster of Ebola Virus Disease, Lib
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ANOTHER DIMENSIONThe Past Is Never
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Measles Epidemic, Boston, Massachus
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LETTERSInfluenza A(H5N6)Virus Reass
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LETTERSsystem (8 kb-span paired-end
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LETTERS3. Van Hong N, Amambua-Ngwa
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LETTERSTable. Prevalence of Bartone
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LETTERSavian influenza A(H5N1) viru
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LETTERSprovinces and a total of 200
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LETTERS7. Manian FA. Bloodstream in
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LETTERSforward projections. N Engl
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LETTERS3. Guindon S, Gascuel OA. Si
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BOOKS AND MEDIAin the port cities o
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ABOUT THE COVERNorth was not intere
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Earning CME CreditTo obtain credit,
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Emerging Infectious Diseases is a p
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