DISPATCHESFigure. Partial nonstructuralprotein (NS) 1 genephylogeny of newly identifiedbufaviruses, Zambia. TheBayesian phylogenetic treewas generated by using thepartial NS1 gene fragments(434–440 bp) of bufavirusesand the corresponding regionof known protoparvovirusesand amdoviruses. Grayshading indicates bufavirusesidentified in this study.GenBank accession numbersof viral sequences are shownin parentheses. Bayesianposterior probabilities areindicated at each tree root.Scale bar indicates nucleotidesubstitutions per site.in Livingstone, respectively. Both baboon-derived BuVswere closely related to the WUHARV parvovirus. Theseresults indicate the presence of BuVs in wild nonhumanprimates and in wild shrews.ConclusionsThe nearly complete genome sequence of a new parvovirus,MpBuV, was obtained from a wild shrew in thisstudy. blastp searches indicated that each MpBuV openreading frame shared the highest amino acid identity withother known BuVs. Furthermore, our phylogenetic analysisshowed that MpBuV clustered with BuVs but was distinctfrom any other known parvovirus. Accordingly, wepropose that MpBuV should be considered a new speciesof BuV.Our nested PCR screening identified 3 additional BuVstrains: Solwezi BuV, Mfuwe BuV, and Livingstone BuV.These protoparvoviruses are also phylogenetically relatedto known BuVs and derived from wildlife (i.e., shrewsand nonhuman primates). These results show the presenceof human BuV-related genomes in wildlife expandingour knowledge of the distribution and genetic diversityof BuVs.In summary, we investigated the situation regardingBuVs in Zambian wildlife. Thus far, no evidence existsof BuV transmission between humans and wildlife. Ournested PCR should be helpful for detecting BuVs in mammalsand lead to better understanding of the distributionof BuVs.AcknowledgmentsWe thank the Zambia Wildlife Authority for its support withthis research.This work was supported by the Global Institution for CollaborativeResearch and Education (GI-CoRE) and the Japan Initiativefor Global Research Network of Infectious Diseases (J-GRID)from the Japan Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science,and Technology and Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research(KAKENHI, grant no. 24405043) from the Japan Society for thePromotion of Science.Dr. Sasaki is a veterinary researcher at the Research Center forZoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, and is certified as azoonosis control expert by Hokkaido University. His researchinterests include the molecular basis of viral pathogenesis.References1. Phan TG, Vo NP, Bonkoungou IJ, Kapoor A, Barro N, O’Ryan M,et al. Acute diarrhea in West African children: diverse entericviruses and a novel parvovirus genus. J Virol. 2012;86:11024–30.http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01427-122. Yahiro T, Wangchuk S, Tshering K, Bandhari P, Zangmo S,Dorji T, et al. Novel human bufavirus genotype 3 in children withsevere diarrhea, Bhutan. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20:1037–9.http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2006.1314303. Väisänen E, Kuisma I, Phan TG, Delwart E, Lappalainen M,Tarkka E, et al. Bufavirus in feces of patients with gastroenteritis,Finland. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20:1077–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2006.1316744. Smits SL, Schapendonk CM, van Beek J, Vennema H, Schürch AC,Schipper D, et al. New viruses in idiopathic human diarrhea cases,the Netherlands. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20:1218–22.http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2007.1401905. Cotmore SF, Agbandje-McKenna M, Chiorini JA, Mukha DV,Pintel DJ, Qiu J, et al. The family Parvoviridae. Arch Virol.2014;159:1239–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00705-013-1914-16. Sasaki M, Orba Y, Ueno K, Ishii A, Moonga L, Hang’ombe BM,et al. Metagenomic analysis of the shrew enteric virome revealsnovel viruses related to human stool-associated viruses.J Gen Virol. 2015;96:440–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.071209-01232 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 21, No. 7, July 2015
Bufavirus in Wild Shrews and Nonhuman Primates7. Handley SA, Thackray LB, Zhao G, Presti R, Miller AD, Droit L,et al. Pathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus infection isassociated with expansion of the enteric virome. Cell.2012;151:253–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2012.09.0248. Walker SL, Wonderling RS, Owens RA. Mutational analysis of theadeno-associated virus type 2 Rep68 protein helicase motifs.J Virol. 1997;71:6996–7004.9. Farr GA, Zhang LG, Tattersall P. Parvoviral virions deploy acapsid-tethered lipolytic enzyme to breach the endosomalmembrane during cell entry. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.2005;102:17148–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.050847710210. Kivovich V, Gilbert L, Vuento M, Naides SJ. The putative metalcoordination motif in the endonuclease domain of humanparvovirus B19 NS1 is critical for NS1 induced S phase arrestand DNA damage. Int J Biol Sci. 2012;8:79–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.7150/ijbs.8.7911. Castellanos M, Pérez R, Rodríguez-Huete A, Grueso E, AlmendralJM, Mateu MG. A slender tract of glycine residues is required fortranslocation of the VP2 protein N-terminal domain through theparvovirus MVM capsid channel to initiate infection. Biochem J.2013;455:87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/BJ2013050312. Deng X, Dong Y, Yi Q, Huang Y, Zhao D, Yang Y, et al. The determinantsfor the enzyme activity of human parvovirus B19 phospholipaseA2 (PLA2) and its influence on cultured cells. PLoS ONE.2013;8:e61440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.006144013. Sasaki M, Ishii A, Orba Y, Thomas Y, Hang’ombe BM,Moonga L, et al. Human parainfluenza virus type 3 in wildnonhuman primates, Zambia. Emerg Infect Dis. 2013;19.14. Orba Y, Sasaki M, Yamaguchi H, Ishii A, Thomas Y,Hang’ombe BM, et al. Orthopoxvirus infection among wildlife inZambia. J Gen Virol. 2015;96:390–4 . http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.070219-0Address for correspondence: Hirofumi Sawa, Division of MolecularPathobiology, Hokkaido University, Research Center for ZoonosisControl, West 10 North 20, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan;email: h-sawa@czc.hokudai.ac.jpApril 2015:Emerging VirusesIncluding:• Reappearance of Chikungunya,Formerly Called Dengue, in the Americas• Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome,Southern Chile, 1995–2012• Animal-Associated Exposure to RabiesVirus among Travelers, 1997–2012• Evolution of Ebola Virus Disease fromExotic Infection to Global HealthPriority, Liberia, Mid-2014• Population Structure and AntimicrobialResistance of Invasive Serotype IVGroup B Streptococcus, Toronto,Ontario, Canada• Norovirus Genotype Profiles Associatedwith Foodborne Transmission,1999–2012http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/articles/issue/21/4/table-of-contentsEmerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 21, No. 7, July 2015 1233
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July 2015SynopsisOn the CoverMarian
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1240 Gastroenteritis OutbreaksCause
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SYNOPSISDisseminated Infections wit
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Disseminated Infections with Talaro
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Macacine Herpesvirus 1 inLong-Taile
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Malaria among Young Infants, Africa
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Transdermal Diagnosis of MalariaUsi
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Lack of Transmission amongClose Con
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Seroprevalence for Hepatitis Eand O
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